Tone hole

A tone hole is an opening in the body of a wind instrument which, when alternately closed and opened, changes the pitch of the sound produced. Tone holes may serve specific purposes, such as a trill hole or register hole. A tone hole is, "in wind instruments[,] a hole that may be stopped by the finger, or a key, to change the pitch of the tone produced."

The resonant frequencies of the air column in a pipe are inversely proportional to the pipe's effective length. In other words, a shorter pipe produces higher notes. For a pipe with no tone holes but open at both ends, the effective length is the physical length of the pipe plus a little more for the small volumes of air just beyond the ends of the pipe that are also involved in the resonance. An open hole anywhere along the middle of the pipe shortens the pipe's effective length and therefore raises the pitch of the notes it produces. The closer an open hole is to the blowing end, the shorter the remaining effective length is and the more it raises the pitch. Generally, a hole in a given position doesn't reduce the effective length quite as much as cutting the pipe at that position would, and the smaller the hole, the less it reduces the effective length when open. Closing the hole increases the effective length and lowers the pitch again. However, a pipe with a closed tone hole is not acoustically identical to a pipe with no hole; the shape of the fingertip or pad that closes the hole modifies the pipe's internal volume and effective length.

Asshole (album)

Asshole is the second solo album release by Kiss member, Gene Simmons. It was released in 2004 on Sanctuary Records. Due to its controversial title, the album's title does not appear on the front cover of the album. On the side of the CD case the title reads "***hole".

The album contains songs Simmons wrote based on work by Bob Dylan and Frank Zappa, among other musicians, specifically Dave Navarro who plays guitar on the The Prodigy cover "Firestarter".

Track listing

Personnel

Glossary of chess

This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. Some of these have their own pages, like fork and pin. For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of chess-related games, see Chess variants.

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[adjective: prophylactic] Prophylactic techniques include the blockade, overprotection, and the mysterious rook move.

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References

Bibliography

Hole (surname)

Hole is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Tone (Jeff Ament album)

Tone is the debut solo album of American rock bassist and Pearl Jam-member Jeff Ament, released September 16, 2008 on Monkeywrench Records. 3,000 copies of the album were pressed and distributed through independent record stores across the United States, as well as through Pearl Jam's official website. The album has also been made available as a digital download via Pearl Jam's official website for US$4.99.

Background

The album contains ten songs written over a span of 12 years. It features a raw, experimental sound and was recorded by Ament over an eight-year period at Horseback Court in Blue Mountain, Montana, which is Ament's home studio, and completed in 2008.Tone was mixed by Brett Eliason, who had previously worked with Ament as Pearl Jam's sound engineer. Its cover art was created by Ament.

Former Three Fish drummer and frequent Ament collaborator Richard Stuverud contributed his drumming to seven songs on the album, and King's X frontman Doug Pinnick contributed lead vocals to the song "Doubting Thomasina". Pinnick would later in 2010 feature as the lead singer of another Ament/Stuverud project, "Tres Mts". "The Forest" was recorded by Pearl Jam; however, vocalist Eddie Vedder never got around to adding vocals to the track. The instrumental version by Pearl Jam is featured in the 2007 Pearl Jam concert film, Immagine in Cornice. The version of the song on Tone features vocals by Ament and music taken from the original demo version of the song.

Tone (TVXQ album)

Tone (stylized as TONE) is the fifth Japanese studio album (tenth overall) by South Korean pop group Tohoshinki, released on September 28, 2011 by Avex Trax. It is Tohoshinki's first Japanese album since becoming a two-piece band, with members Yunho and Changmin. Tone was released in three physical versions – Version A, a CD+DVD version with music videos; Version B, another CD+DVD version with off-shot movies; and Version C, a CD only version with a bonus track. Composing sessions for the album began in 2009, bull full production began in early 2011.

Musically, Tone is a pop music album largely consisting of uptempos, midtempos, and ballads with R&B, electropop and rock influences. Tone received positive reviews upon its release, with some critics praising it as one of Tohoshinki's most cohesive Japanese album to-date. The album was a major commercial success; it debuted at number one on the Oricon Albums Chart, selling 205,000 copies on its first week of release. Earning a platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) two weeks later, Tone eventually became Tohoshinki's best-selling Japanese studio album, with over 330,000 copies sold.

Twelve-tone technique

Twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition devised by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and associated with the "Second Viennese School" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes. All 12 notes are thus given more or less equal importance, and the music avoids being in a key. Over time, the technique increased greatly in popularity and eventually became widely influential on 20th century composers. Many important composers who had originally not subscribed to or even actively opposed the technique eventually adopted it in their music, such as Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky.