| Tomar / Tanwar / Tuar Dynasty | |
| Vansh | Chandra Vansh |
| Lineage: | Som or Chandra - Yayati - Puru - Hasti - Ajamidh - Kuru - Shantanu - Vichitrvirya - Pandu - Arjun - Abhimanyu - Parikshit -Janamejaya - Tungpal - Anangpal |
| Branches: | Pathania, Janjua, Jarral, Janghara, Jatu,[1] Jaraita, Satraura, Raghu,[2] |
| Rulers of | Indraprastha, Uttar Kuru, Delhi, Nurpur, Tanwarawati / Torawati, Gwalior, Kayasthapad, Dholpur, Tuargarh |
| Gotra | Atri/Kashyap/Vaiyashuk |
Tomara (also called Tomar, Tanwar and Tuar) is a Hindu clan, the members of which ruled parts of North India at different times. The Tomars claim descent from the Puruvanshi lineage of Indraprashtha of Mahabharata times.[3] People belonging to the Tomar clan are found among the Rajputs and the Gurjars[4][5] of northern India.
Contents |
History [link]
Purana and Legends [link]
According to historic genelogies in puranas, the Tomars are the descendants of the Pandava prince Arjuna, through his great grandson Emperor Janamejaya, son of Emperor Parikshit.[citation needed]Prince Dhritrashtra, blind by birth and the elder son of Kuru scion Vichitraveer abdicated the throne in favor of his younger brother Pandu whose sons were called Pandavs. King Pandu later abdicated the throne back to his elder brother due to his ill health. Their sons were involved in a great battle and finally Yudhishthira became the king after defeating Duyodhana.[citation needed] King Yudhishtra founded the city of Indraprastha in the Kuru kingdom and later abdicated in favour of Parikshit, the grandson of his brother Arjuna. Capital city after Mahabharata war remained Hastinapur which was later flooded and the capital of the Pandava kingdom was moved eastwards in times of King Nishchakra. Indraprastha remained one of the major cities of Kuru-Panchala Empire for many centuries. Kuru Kingdom was one of the 16 Maha Janapads (or great states) under the Magadh Empire, around 300 BC.[6] King Kshemaka, 28th in descent from Yudhisthira was last ruler to have absolute power in the Kuru kingdom, he was overthrown by his ministers and his sons relocated near Godavari River in south India. His grandson Uttungabhuja [7] established a small kingdom near Godavari and his descendants later re-established Indraprastha a few centuries later, under Anangpal Tomar I in the eighth century AD.[citation needed]
Middle Ages - 1st Millenium AD [link]
Historian Augustus Hoernle was of the opinion that the Tomaras were one of the ruling clans of Gurjars in the Gurjara-Pratihara era of North India- 4th - 8th century AD,[4] Ancient Kuru Kingdom continuing its existence in the ages when India was ruled by Gupta Kings. It remained one of the 18 Great States under Gupta Kings.[8]
Indraprastha - Delhi [link]
The modern city of Delhi is believed to be on the site of Indraprastha.[9] Delhi was established in 736 CE by the Tomara king Anangpal Tomar-I who re-established the Pandava ancestral capital.
The Kingdom of Delhi was founded by Anangpal Tomar, whose dynasty, by virtue of descent from the Pandavas, claimed to be Lords Paramount of India[10]
Samrat Anangpal Tomar [link]
The Tomara dynasty of Delhi lasted til Anangpal Tomar-II. Part of his legacy was the construction of Lal Kot, a fortified wall around Delhi, likely in reaction to the raids of Mahmud of Ghazni.[11] This is one of the oldest defence structures in Delhi.[11] Anangpal Tomar II appointed his grandson (daughter's son, and son of King of Ajmer), Prithviraj Chauhan, as the heir apparent. Some historians believe that Prithvaraj was merely a caretaker king as long as his grandfather was alive. Prithviraj was never crowned in Delhi, hence adding weight to the view that the Chauhan ruler usurped the throne from his maternal grandfather.[citation needed]. Anangpal Tomar II had 23 brothers and they each had territory of their own.[12]
According to records kept by bards (or Jagas), King Anangpal Tomar made Prithviraj Chauhan only as caretaker when he went on a religious pilgrimage, as his own sons were very small at that time. When King Anangpal Tomar returned, Prithviraj refused to hand over the kingdom to his maternal grandfather.[citation needed] Whatever the circumstances, the Chauhan dynasty was able to firmly establish control by the mid-12th century.[11]
Vikramaditya [link]
Vikramaditya, king of Ujjain in Malwa, drove out Scythian invaders in 56 BC. The Vikram Samrat calendar was founded in 57 BC to honor his achievements. He was a liberal ruler, a patron of learning, encouraged art. He was a follower of the Brahmanical religion, a worshipper of Siva and Vishnu. He is claimed to be a prince of the Tomara dynasty.[13][14]
Shakhas or sub-clans [link]
Jatu Rajputs [link]
These are descendents of Thakur Jatu singh and now inhabit surrounding villages of Bhiwani (Haryana). It is believed[who?] that at one time[when?] there were 1440 villages of Tanwar Rajputs from Bhiwani to Agroha, although the number has declined.[15]
The three brothers Jatu, Raghu, and Sutraola divided amongst themselves the Parganah of Hansi', each share was called a Tappa and the names Tappa Jatu, Tappa Raghu and Tappa Sutraola were for years used in the Government Records which divisions are well known to this day. The descendants of the three brothers went on as opportunity afforded adding to their possessions. Those of Jatu's were the most extensive. Umr Singh of the family took Tosham hence that Ilaqua (Area) was known as Umrain tappa. Similarly Bhiwani was called Bachoan tappa after Bacho who had taken possession of it. Jatu's descendants at Sewani were called Raes, those at Tulwundi were called Ranas hence the village is still called and recorded as Tulwundi Rana, while those at Kulheri called Chowdris and Pica still retain these titles.[citation needed]
Janghára Rajputs [link]
Known as a large and turbulent branch of the Tomara Rajput clan,[16] the Janghara Rajputs were readily recruited by the British Indian Army.
The turbulent nature of the tribe is further enhanced by the origin of the name Janghara being derived from the words, Jang (war) and Ahára (hunger) meaning "the men who hunger for war".[17]
After the fall of Delhi to the Chauhans, the Janghara sept parted from the main Tomar branch in disgust. They entered Rohilkhund under the leadership of the prince Dhápu Dhám whose warlike nature was proverbial. A couplet sung by women of the clan states
"Neeche Darti upar Ram, beech mein lade Dhapu Dham"
meaning "Below is Earth, above is Lord Rám. Between the two, fights Dhápu Dhám"[18]
The Janghara Rajputs of Bareilly claim to have ejected the Gwálas in 1388CE. in 1405CE they expelled the Ahirs from their[clarification needed] Kingdoms. The Katehriya Rajputs were also defeated and exiled from Rohilkhund by the Janghara Rais .[18]
The Jangháras have always been turbulent and warlike; they should furnish the (British Indian) army with some excellent recruits.[18]
Pathania Rajputs [link]
Descendants of Rana Jethpal, younger brother of Anangpal the last of the Tomara kings of Delhi. Established his[who?] kingdom at Paithan, now called Pathankot. Their kingdom was called Dhameri which was later renamed Nurpur. Famous for their resistance against foreign rule, which they proved by giving battle to invaders till 1849 A.D., after which the Kingdom was annexed by the British, the Raja being a minor. This clan has to its credit three Maha Vir Chakra winners in the Indian Army. This clan has also won many other gallantry awards while serving in the British army of India.[citation needed]
Janjua Rajputs [link]
The Janjua Rajput clan claim descendancy from the Pandava dynasty through the Pandav Prince Arjun.[19] Prince Arjun, known as the Achilles of India,[20] was famous for his valour. He was eulogised in the Mahabharata epic as the perfect Kshatriya warrior. He conquered many powerful kingdoms in the Mahabharata epic and was the main lead in the battle field of Kurukshetra. Arjun's great grandson, Maharaja Janamejaya, is an apical ancestor of the Janjuas. Janamejaya was later the ruling Emperor of the Kingdom of Hastinapur, the capital of which was Indraprasta (modern day Delhi). Regarding the Janjuas descent from the Pandavas dynasty, the Bali and Bhimwal generals of Raja Dhrupet Dev of Mathura, recorded that the Janjua Raja Dhrupet Dev was the descendant of Emperor Janamejaya of the Pandava dynasty of Prince Arjun.[21][22] Sir Lepel H Griffin K.C.S.I. had also recorded in the early 1900s that the Janjua were Pandavas in origin.[23]
Other Tomar Sub Branches [link]
Birwar, Badwar, Borahan,Chanket,suryan, Barnwal, Katiyar, Kallia, Borahan, Bajpanna, Jinwar, Jerah, Jasraiya, Indoria, Jarrota and Tirota Kshatriya. Indoria Kshatriya has branches - Raikwar, Jaiswar/Jaswar.[24] The Tomars of Torawati-Patan in Rajasthan have 3 subdivisions - Asoji(Asal Singhji), Udoji(Uday Singhji) and Kelorji (Kewalramji).[25]
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India, by Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Editor - John Beames, Publisher Trübner & co., 1869, Original from Harvard University, Digitized 2 Jun 2008
- ^ Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India - Vol I, Page 138
- ^ Matthew Atmore Sherring, Hindu tribes and castes, Volume 1, page 137
- ^ a b A. F. Rudolf Hoernle. Some Problems of Ancient Indian History. No. III: The Gurjara Clans(Concluded from p. 662, October, 1904). The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, (Jan., 1905), pp. 1-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25208724?seq=2. "Page 1:"The Tomaras were a clan of Gurjara tribe" and page 2:Both this "leader" and the "lord" Rudrena must have been chiefs of minor divisions of the imperial Tomara clan of Gurjaras."
- ^ Rahul Khari (5 January 2007). Jats and Gujars: origin, history and culture. Reference Press. ISBN 978-81-8405-031-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 28 September 2011. "In the contemporary Delhi, there are about 75 villages inhabited by the Gujars out of which 12 villages happened to be in Mehrauli where Gujars belonging to Tomar clan dwell, who call themselves 'Tanwar'."
- ^ Bimala Churn Law, Ancient Indian Tribes, page 89
- ^ Benjamin Lewis Rice, Mysore and Coorg: Mysore, by districts, page 16
- ^ Hemchandra Raychaudhuri, Political history of ancient India: from the accession of Parikshit to the Gupta Empire
- ^ Delhi by Upinder Singh, Berghahn Books, 2007, p201
- ^ A Pageant of India by Adolf Simon Waley, Houghton, 1927, p123
- ^ a b c Ashri, Shashi Bhushan (2010). Delhi: A city of cities. Delhi, India: Anubhav Prakashan. pp. 8. ISBN 978-93-8005-320-2.
- ^ Financial Commissioner - Amin Chand, Report on the revised land revenue settlement of the Hissar District of the Punjab (India) - 1875, page 3
- ^ Edward Balfour, The cyclopædia of India and of eastern and southern Asia, Volume 3, page 1015
- ^ Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palæographic, of the Late James Prinsep by James Prinsep, Edward Thomas, Henry Thoby Prinsep, Publ. J.Murray, 1858, p157
- ^ Report on the revised land revenue settlement of the Hissar District in the Hissar Division of the Punjab effected by Munshi Amin Chand year 1875 A.D.
- ^ Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India by Henry Miers Elliot, John Beames, Trübner & co., 1869, p141
- ^ Handbook on Rajputs by A. H. Bingley, 1899, republ.1986, p84
- ^ a b c Handbook on Rajputs by A. H. Bingley, 1899, republ.1986, p85
- ^ Parvéz Dewân's Jammû, Kashmîr, and Ladâkh: Kashmîr by Parvéz Dewân, 2004, p420-421
- '^ Arjuna in the Mahabhrata by Ruth Cecily Katz, University of South Carolina, 1989, back matter
- ^ [1] Mohyal source
- ^ The history of the Muhiyals: the militant Brahman race of India by T P Russell Stracey, General Muhiyal Sabha, Lahore, 1938, p77
- ^ Punjab Chiefs, L. H. Griffin, 1909 Lahore, p213
- ^ A. H. Bingley, Handbook on Rajputs, page 136
- ^ A. H. Bingley, Handbook on Rajputs, page 137
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