Talabuga

Talabuga, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the khan of the Golden Horde, division of the Mongol Empire between 1287 and 1291. He was the son of Tartu and great-grandson of Batu Khan. He assumed the throne in the Golden Horde in 1287 with the help of Nogai Khan, but was dethroned four years later by the same, replaced by Tokhta.

Military career

European Campaigns

He accompanied the Mongol invasion of Lithuania with Nogai under the command of Burundai in 1259. Alongside Nogai Khan, he led the second Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1284-1285 and the third Mongol raid against Poland in 1287. Despite initial success most of attacks were unsuccessful.

As a matter of rule, the Galician and Rus' dukes were ordered to accompany the Mongol raid on Hungary together with Tulabuga and Nogai in 1285. Although Nogai and his Tatars plundered villages and some cities, they were beaten back by the Hungarian royal army and Vlachs upon their return. For Tulabuga, his army had strayed in the Carpathian Mountains and lost many of their horses due to cold weather. Soon after that, Nogai made him the Khan of Ulus of Jochi and overthrew the previous khan. Tulabuga shared his authority with his brother and cousins who were the sons of Mongke Temur Khan. Their next raid clearly showed disagreements and tensions among them. In 1286 Khan Tulabuga decided to organize the raid on Poland, together with Khan Nogai. For this purpose, Khan Tulabuga arrived with his armies to Nogai's headquarters, but there was "a great disagreement between them." In the end Khan Tulabuga moved against Poland by himself. Tulabuga left part of his troops in Volodymyr, then the capital of Galicia-Volhynia, and moved against Poland together with his Rus' regiments. Note that the Tatar-Mongols had plundered the Volhynian lands during that time. Tatar and Rus' troops had advanced towards Cracow through Sandomierz and Zawichost. The Mongols afterwards had returned with 20,000 Polish captives.

Buqa

Buqa (or Bugha) (died January 16, 1289) was a Mongol lord and chancellor who was instrumental in sweeping Arghun to power as the fourth Il-Khan of Iran in 1284 and became his chief minister (vizier) and advisor, succeeding Shams ad-Din Juvayni whom Arghun had executed. Buqa is from the Jalayir clan of the Mongolians.

Aided by his brother Aruq, Buqa embarked on a reform that revolutionized the monetary and fiscal structure of the empire. The Great Khan Kublai Khan rewarded Buqa the title of chingsang (chancellor) for his loyalty to the Ilkhan Arghun in 1284.

Initially, he was allowed to exercise wide powers, but his arrogance and excesses soon raised him many enemies. Perceiving that he had lost the khan’s favour, Buqa organized a conspiracy in which several of the Il-Khanate lords and Arghun’s vassal king Demetre II of Georgia (whose daughter Rusudan was married to Buqa’s son) were implicated. The group was penetrated by the khan’s agents and the plot was soon revealed. Buqa was arrested and put to death on January 16, 1289. He was succeeded as vizier by a Jewish physician Sa’d al-Daula of Abhar.

Tole

Tole is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Mirab Shewa Zone, it is bordered on the southwest by Kokir, on the west by Becho, on the northwest by Elu, on the northeast by the Awash which separates it from Alem Gena, and on the east and south by Kersana Kondaltiti. The major town in Tole is Bentu Liben.

Demographics

The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 62,895, of whom 31,798 were men and 31,097 were women; 2,895 or 4.6% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants said they practised Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 98.48% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 5.37% of the population were Muslim, 4.57% observed traditional beliefs, and 2.44% were Protestant.

Based on figures published by the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total population of 62,252, of whom 30,960 are men and 31,292 are women; 2,272 or 3.65% of its population are urban dwellers, which is less than the Zone average of 12.3%. With an estimated area of 438.6 square kilometers, Tole has an estimated population density of 141.9 people per square kilometer, which is less than the Zone average of 152.8.

Tolé

Tolé is a corregimiento in Tolé District, Chiriquí Province, Panama. It is the seat of Tolé District. It has a land area of 76.9 square kilometres (29.7 sq mi) and had a population of 3,240 as of 2010, giving it a population density of 42.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (109/sq mi). Its population as of 1990 was 5,292; its population as of 2000 was 3,156.

References