Timing

Timing is the time when something happens or the spacing of events in time. "Timing" also means the tracking of time when an event is happening in time. Good timing is having waited for the right moment to match parts that belong together.

Timing may also refer to:

Timing (comedy), use of rhythm, tempo and pausing to enhance comedy and humour

Timing (linguistics), rhythmic division of time into equal portions by a language

Timing (music), ability to "keep time" accurately and to synchronise to an ensemble

Color timing, photochemical process of altering and enhancing the color of an image

Ignition timing, timing of piston and crankshaft so that a spark will occur near the end of the compression stroke

Market timing, by attempting to predict future market price movements

Memory timings (or RAM timings), measure the performance of DRAM memory

Timekeeping, the process of measuring the passage of time

Synchronization, timing a process relative to another process

Swing timing, timing contact with a ball in various sports such as baseball, cricket, tennis or golf

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Isochrony

Isochrony is the postulated rhythmic division of time into equal portions by a language. Rhythm is an aspect of prosody, others being intonation, stress and tempo of speech.

Three alternative ways in which a language can divide time are postulated:

The duration of every syllable is equal (syllable-timed);

The duration of every mora is equal (mora-timed).

The temporal duration between two stressed syllables is equal (stress-timed);

The idea as such was first expressed by Kenneth L. Pike in 1945, though the concept of language naturally occurring in chronologically and rhythmically equal measures is found at least as early as 1775 (in Prosodia Rationalis). This has implications for language typology: D. Abercrombie claimed "As far as is known, every language in the world is spoken with one kind of rhythm or with the other ... French, Telugu and Yoruba ... are syllable-timed languages, ... English, Russian and Arabic ... are stress-timed languages'. While many linguists find the idea of different rhythm types appealing, empirical studies have not been able to find acoustic correlates of the postulated types, calling into question the validity of these types.

Timing (music)

Timing in music refers to the ability to "keep time" accurately and to synchronise to an ensemble, as well as to expressive timing—subtle adjustment of note or beat duration, or of tempo, for aesthetic effect.

Research in music cognition has shown that time as a subjective structuring of events in music differs from the concept of time in physics. Listeners to music do not perceive rhythm on a continuous scale, but recognise rhythmic categories that function as a reference relative to which the deviations in timing can be appreciated. In fact temporal patterns in music combine two different time scales—rhythmic durations such as half and quarter notes on the one hand, and on the other, the continuous timing variations that characterize an expressive musical performance.

Timing

Isochrony

Timing (music)

See also

References

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