Thunder

Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending on the distance and nature of the lightning, thunder can range from a sharp, loud crack to a long, low rumble (brontide). The sudden increase in pressure and temperature from lightning produces rapid expansion of the air surrounding and within a bolt of lightning. In turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock wave, similar to a sonic boom, which produces the sound of thunder, often referred to as a clap, crack, or peal of thunder.

Cause

The cause of thunder has been the subject of centuries of speculation and scientific inquiry. The first recorded theory is attributed to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in the fourth century BC, and an early speculation was that it was caused by the collision of clouds. Subsequently, numerous other theories were proposed. By the mid-19th century, the accepted theory was that lightning produced a vacuum.

In the 20th century a consensus evolved that thunder must begin with a shock wave in the air due to the sudden thermal expansion of the plasma in the lightning channel. The temperature inside the lightning channel, measured by spectral analysis, varies during its 50 μs existence, rising sharply from an initial temperature of about 20,000 K to about 30,000 K, then dropping away gradually to about 10,000 K. The average is about 20,400 K (20,100 °C; 36,300 °F). This heating causes a rapid outward expansion, impacting the surrounding cooler air at a speed faster than sound would otherwise travel. The resultant outward-moving pulse is a shock wave, similar in principle to the shock wave formed by an explosion, or at the front of a supersonic aircraft.

Thunder (Andy Taylor album)

Thunder is the first solo album by British guitarist Andy Taylor, released in 1987. It features former Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones on guitar. Jones also co-wrote most of the songs on the album.

The album went out of print in 1990, but would reemerge in a newly expanded version on online music services like iTunes when Taylor made his entire catalog available in 2010. In addition to the original version of Thunder, Taylor's previous solo singles such as "Take It Easy" were included as well.

Track listing

Personnel

Thunder (Jessie J song)

"Thunder" is a song by English recording artist Jessie J. It was written by Jessie J, Claude Kelly, Benjamin Levin, Tor Erik Hermansen and Mikkel Storleer Eriksen for her second studio album Alive (2013), while production was helmed by StarGate and Benny Blanco.

Background

"Thunder" was written by Jessie J, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Claude Kelly and Benny Blanco. It was produced by Eriksen and Hermansen, credited under their production name StarGate, along with Blanco. Jessie's vocals were recorded by Chris Sclafani, Joel Peters, and Justin Pancionendon, with Mark "Exit" Goodchild serving as its engineer. Kelly provided additional vocals on the song. "Thunder" was mixed by Phil Tan and assistants Daniela Rivera and Phil Seaford. Eriksen and Hermansen recorded the song's instrumentation, and Tim Blacksmith and Danny D. were assigned as its executive producers. Andrew "McMuffin" Luftman and Scott "Yarmov" Yarmovsky were credited as production coordinators on the song.

Disco (software)

Disco is an application for Mac OS X developed by Austin Sarner, Jasper Hauser and Jason Harris.

The software is an optical disc authoring utility, which allows users to burn CDs and DVDs with multisession support, disc duplication, burning VIDEO_TS folders, disc spanning as well as a searchable disc index, dubbed Discography. Disco also features an interactive "3D smoke" animation which is visible when burning. This smoke responds to microphone input, as well as mouse input, causing perturbations in the smoke effect.

Disco was designed as a low-cost alternative to the popular Mac OS X optical disc authoring application, Roxio Toast.

Since its launch in 2007, Disco was available as shareware, requiring users to purchase a license after burning seven discs with it on a single computer. In July 2011, a free license code to activate the application was published on its official website, effectively making the application available as freeware.

References

External links

Metro Station (album)

Metro Station is the eponymously titled debut length album by pop band Metro Station. The album was released on September 18, 2007 under Columbia/Red Ink.

Four singles were released from the album; "Shake It" and "Seventeen Forever" charted on the Billboard Hot 100. The album debuted at #189 on the U.S. Billboard 200, but reached a peak of #39 in June 2008. The single "Shake It" was certified Platinum in 2008. Since its release, Metro Station has sold approximately 400,000 copies in the United States.

The album was released in the UK on March 30, 2009. The version of the album released in the UK contains 2 exclusive bonus tracks including a brand new track, "After the Fall". The first UK single, "Shake It", was released a week before, on March 23, 2009.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Metro Station, except "True to Me" by Metro Station, Sam Hollander and Dave Katz. 

Release history

Charts

Personnel

Khud-Daar

Khud-Daar (Hindi: खुद्दार) is a 1982 Indian Hindi movie directed by Ravi Tandon. The music is by Rajesh Roshan and the lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Parveen Babi, Vinod Mehra, Sanjeev Kumar, Prem Chopra, Mehmood, Bindiya Goswami and Tanuja in pivotal roles. It was remade in Tamil as Padikkadhavan which starred Rajinikanth and in Telugu as Driver Babu with Sobhan Babu.

It was released during the week when Amitabh Bachchan was critically injured while shooting for the film 'Coolie' in Bangalore. The movie ran for packed houses for many weeks and was declared 'Super Hit'.

Plot

Govind (Amitabh Bachchan) and Rajesh (Vinod Mehra) are two brothers who are happy being brought up by their considerably older stepbrother Hari (Sanjeev Kumar). However, when Hari has to leave home for two months to complete his law degree, his newly married wife Seema (Tanuja), jealous of her husband's excessive affection for the two, misbehaves with them, forcing them to leave home and escape to Mumbai.