Thomas Law (1756–1834)
Thomas Law (October 23, 1756 – 1834), was an important reformer of British policy in India and a major investor in early Washington, D.C.
Life
Thomas Law was on October 23, 1756 in Cambridge, England, to a clerical British family. He was the son of Edmund Law, Bishop of Carlisle, and the brother of Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough, George Henry Law, later Bishop of Bath and Wells, and John Law, Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh in Ireland.
Thomas Law went to India as a “writer,” or clerk, in 1773, rose through the East India Company ranks, and became a revenue collector and judge in the province of Bihar. Like many other East India Company officials, Law made a small fortune in the process. Unlike many of his colleagues, however, Law was also something of an intellectual, a policy-maker who helped devise the so-called “Permanent Settlement” which transformed the basis of taxation and land tenure for the natives of India as well as attempted to establish a secure revenue base for the East India Company. After returning in 1791 to England he encountered personal and professional setbacks that led him to leave the country. In 1794, Law, along with two of his three illegitimate mixed-race sons, immigrated to the United States, where he invested large portions of his fortune in buying land and developing the nation’s new capital in Washington, D.C. In 1796, he married Martha Washington's eldest granddaughter, Elizabeth Parke Custis.