Magnate

Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities. In reference to the Middle Ages, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage.

England

In England, the magnate class went through a change in the later Middle Ages. It had previously consisted of all tenants-in-chief of the crown, a group of more than a hundred families. The emergence of Parliament led to the establishment of a parliamentary peerage that received personal summons, rarely more than sixty families. A similar class in the Gaelic world were the Flatha. In the Middle Ages a bishop sometimes held territory as a magnate, collecting the revenue of the manors and the associated knights' fees.

In the Tudor period, after Henry VII defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry made a point of executing or neutralizing as many magnates as possible. Henry VII would make parliament attaint undesirable nobles and magnates, thereby stripping them of their wealth, protection from torture, and power. Henry VII also used the Court of the Star Chamber to have powerful nobles executed. Henry VIII continued this approach in his reign; he inherited a survivalistic mistrust of nobles from his father. Henry VIII ennobled very few men and the ones he did were all "new men": novi homines, greatly indebted to him and having very limited power.

Magnate & Valentino

Magnate & Valentino are a Puerto Rican reggaeton duo. They were among the first duos to include ballads and romantic songs in the discography. They form part of the second wave of reggaeton artists having debuted in 1998 in various artists compilation album The Warriors 2 where they were called Los Nene. Magnate has since released his first solo album, Progresivo. Valentino is now part of the group Los Compadres with Mario VI and Gocho. They released their album called Quimica Perfecta.

Discography

  • Rompiendo el Hielo (2002)
  • Sin Límite (2004)
  • Before & After (2006)
  • Los Compadres: La Perfecta Ocasión (2006) (Valentino, Mario VI & Gocho)
  • Progresivo (2007) (Magnate solo album)
  • Quimica Perfecta (2009)
  • Ultimate Colletion (2011)
  • Imparables (2013)
  • Singles

  • Las Gatas Se Ponen Crazy (ft. A Kquest For Droz)
  • Quiero Tu Cuerpo
  • Salen Inquietas
  • Quiero Sentir Tu Cuerpo
  • Quiero Que Hagas Mujer (feat. Nicky Jam)
  • Gata Celosa (ft. Héctor y Tito, Glory)
  • Te Buscaré
  • Fuera de Control
  • Ya Lo Sé
  • Vuelve a Mí
  • Magnates of Poland and Lithuania

    The magnates of Poland and Lithuania were an aristocracy of nobility (szlachta) that existed in the Kingdom of Poland, in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, from the 1569 Union of Lublin, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, until the Commonwealth's third and final partition in 1795.

    The magnate class arose around the 16th century and, over time, gained more and more control over Commonwealth politics. The most powerful magnates were known as "little kings" due to the extent of their power and independence. Their influence diminished with the Third Partition of Poland (1795), which ended the Commonwealth's independent existence, and came to an end with the Second World War and the communist-ruled People's Republic of Poland.

    Famous magnate families in the Crown of Poland territories included the Czartoryski, Kalinowski, Koniecpolski, Ostrogski, Potocki, Wiśniowiecki, Zasławski and Zamoyski families; and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kieżgajłow, Olelkowicz, Radziwiłł and Sapieha families.

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