Tempel 1

Tempel 1 (official designation: 9P/Tempel) is a periodic Jupiter-family comet discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1867. It completes an orbit of the Sun every 5.5 years. Tempel 1 was the target of the Deep Impact space mission, which photographed a deliberate high-speed impact upon the comet in 2005. It was re-visited by the Stardust spacecraft on February 15, 2011.

Discovery and orbital history

Tempel 1 was discovered on April 3, 1867, by Wilhelm Tempel, an astronomer working in Marseille. At the time of discovery, it approached perihelion once every 5.68 years (designations 9P/1867 G1 and 1867 II). It was subsequently observed in 1873 (9P/1873 G1, 1873 I, 1873a) and in 1879 (1879 III, 1879b).

Photographic attempts during 1898 and 1905 failed to recover the comet, and astronomers surmised that it had disintegrated. In fact, its orbit had changed. Tempel 1's orbit occasionally brings it sufficiently close to Jupiter to be altered, with a consequent change in the comet's orbital period. This occurred in 1881 (closest approach to Jupiter of 0.55 AU), lengthening the orbital period to 6.5 years. Perihelion also changed, increasing by 50 million kilometres, rendering the comet far less visible from Earth.

Tempel

Tempel (German or Dutch: "temple") may mean:

Tempel, Berkel en Rodenrijs

Tempel, also known as De Tempel, is a former municipality and former manorial estate in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located about 3 km southwest of the center of the current village of Berkel en Rodenrijs.

According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa, Tempel was named after a manor house that used to be located in the area. around the beginning of the 19th century, the house was long gone.

In nearby Overschie an estate can be found where in the 18th century the owner of Tempel used to live. He acquired it in 1715, after which the house Berkeloord was renamed to De Tempel. The manorial rights of Tempel were also applicable at the estate, even though it was located outside of its territory.

After the introduction of the municipal system by the French in 1812, the area belonged to the municipality of Pijnacker, even though it was completely surrounded by the territory of Berkel en Rodenrijs. In 1817, the manorial rights were restored, and Tempel became a separate municipality, although it was very small (only 0.109 km²) and had no inhabitants. This was not a problem, as long as the lord of the area was prepared to pay for the municipal government. In 1855, the municipality became part of Berkel en Rodenrijs. Since 2007, Tempel is a part of Lansingerland, when Berkel en Rodenrijs merged with Bergschenhoek and Bleiswijk.

Tempel, Reeuwijk

Tempel is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the former municipality of Reeuwijk, and lies about 6 km north of Gouda.

The statistical area "Tempel", which also can include the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 200.

References