TBX5 (gene)

T-box transcription factor TBX5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX5 gene.

This gene is a member of a phylogenetically conserved family of genes that share a common DNA-binding domain, the T-box. T-box genes encode transcription factors involved in the regulation of developmental processes. This gene is closely linked to related family member T-box 3 (ulnar mammary syndrome) on human chromosome 12.

Function

The encoded protein may play a role in heart development and specification of limb identity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Holt-Oram syndrome, a developmental disorder affecting the heart and upper limbs. Skeletally there may be abnormally bent fingers, sloping shoulders, and phocomelia. Cardiac defects include ventral and atrial septation and problems with the conduction system. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Clinical significance

In studies done in mutant mice without the TBX5 gene it has been shown that the homozygous mice did not survive gestation due to the heart not developing past E9.5. Also the heterozygous mice were born with morphological problems such as enlarged hearts, atrial and ventral septum defects, and limb malformations similar to those found in the Holt-Oram Syndrome. Supporting the essential role of TBX5 in the heart development.