Tax sale
A tax sale refers to property (usually real property) being sold by a taxing authority or the court to recover delinquent taxes. Typically these are property taxes, but other entities like utilities sometimes hold the power to take property for unpaid debts.
The taxing jurisdiction can be any level of government which can assess and collect property taxes or other governmental debt, such as counties (parishes, in the case of Louisiana), cities, townships (in New England and other jurisdictions), and school districts (in places where they are independent of other governmental jurisdictions, such as in Texas).
General
State law offers the governmental entity a method of collecting its tax without simply having to "ding" the nonpaying person or business, by (after a specified grace period, whereby the property owner can be charged interest and/or penalties as well as other costs) placing a lien on the property which, if not paid, will result in future costs, and ultimately the property being seized and sold.