Thatta

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Coordinates: 24°44′46.02″N 67°55′27.61″E / 24.7461167°N 67.9243361°E / 24.7461167; 67.9243361

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Thatta

ٺٽو (Sindhi)
A tomb at Makli Hills necropolis built in 1559
Thatta is located in Sindh
Thatta
Location in Pakistan
Coordinates: 24°44′46.02″N 67°55′27.61″E / 24.7461167°N 67.9243361°E / 24.7461167; 67.9243361
Country Pakistan
Province Sindh
District Thatta District
Population
 • Total 220,000

Thatta (Sindhi: ٺٽو, Urdu: ٹھٹہ) is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monument, the necropolis at Makli is listed among the World Heritage Sites.[1] The Shah Jahan Mosque, Thatta is also mentioned separately on the tentative list since 1993.[2] Located 62 miles (98 kilometeres) east of the provincial capital of Sindh; Karachi, it makes for a practical escape for people from the city seeking to visit the picturesque old town.

Contents

History [link]

The city of Thatta witnessed a golden era during the Mughal Empire.

The city, formerly commanding the delta of the Indus, was the capital of Lower Sindh from the 14th century onwards. During the ruling period of the Soomro Tribe Thatta was the capital of Sindh for 95 years. Between 1592-1739, it was governed in the name of the Mughal emperors of Delhi. In 1739 however, following the Battle of Karnal, the province was ceded to Nadir Shah of Persia, after which Thatta fell into neglect as the Indus river started to silt up. In the 17th Century, the Dutch East India Company had a small tradingpost (comptoir) in Thatta.

Thatta may be the site of ancient Patala (Πάταλα in greek), the main port on the Indus in the time of Alexander the Great.[3] The site of Patala has been subject to much debate. Ahmad Hasan Dani, director of the Taxila Institute of Asian Civilisations, Islamabad, concluded: “There has been a vain attempt to identify the city of Patala. If ‘Patala’ is not taken as a proper name but only refers to a city, it can be corrected to ‘Pattana’, that is, city or port city par excellence, a term applied in a later period to Thatta, which is ideally situated in the way the Greek historians describe”.[4]

The geographer Strabo (c.64 BC–c.24 AD) recorded that: “The Indus falls into the southern sea by two mouths, encompassing the country of Patalênê, which resembles the Delta in Egypt”.[5] He noted: “All these [nations] were conquered by Alexander, and last of all he reduced Patalênê, which the Indus forms by splitting into two branches… Patalênê contains a considerable city, Patala, which gives its name to the island”.[6] In the late second century BC Agatharchides of Cnidus recorded merchants from Patala, or as he called it, “Potana”, coming to the island of Socotra to trade with Alexandrian merchants.[7]

Sights [link]

Tombs at the Makli hills necropolis

Thatta's monuments include the Jama Mosque (also Shah Jahan Mosque) built by Shah Jahan in 1647-49 and lined with glazed tiles. This edifice has 101 domes and is designed in such a way that the imam's voice can reach every corner of this building without the help of a loudspeaker. The Shah Jahan Mosque is an example of highly defined tile work where white, green and blue tiles have been combined into a fine mosaic. The mosque has 33 arches and 93 domes of different sizes. Unlike other Mughal buildings such as the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, the building has a negligible amount of pink sandstone. Characteristic of this mosque is that it has no minarets and a single dome over the central prayer hall.

The vast old necropolis of Makli Hills, with thousands of graves, is situated nearby. It hosts i.a. the tombs of Jam Nizamuddin, Satihoo, those of Isa Khan Tarkhan the Younger and of his father Jan Bababoth, of Tarkhan rulers and Mughal officials.

2010 Pakistan floods [link]

Main article: 2010 Pakistan floods

In August 2010 Thatta was one of the worst affected districts of Pakistan as a result of devastating floods. The sea was on high tide when flooded river water reached it, multiplying the damage manifold. By August 28, 175,000 people had left their homes due to several levees being breached and were forced to camp on the main road under open sky.[8]

See also [link]

Abdul Jalil Memon

References [link]

  1. ^ WHS Thatta World Heritage site, Retrieved 2010-12-27.
  2. ^ Shah Jahan Mosque UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 February 2011
  3. ^ James Rennell, Memoir of a map of Hindoostan:or the Mogul's Empire, London, 1783, p.57; William Vincent, The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates, London, 1797, p.146; William Robertson, An Historical Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India, A. Strahan, T. Cadell Jun. and W. Davies; and E. Balfour, Edinburgh, 1799, p.47; Alexander Burnes, Travels into Bokhara: containing the narrative of a voyage on the Indus [...] and an account of a journey from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia, London, John Murray, 1835, Volume 1, p.27; Carl Ritter, Die Erdkunde im Verhältniss zur Natur und zur Geschichte des Menschen, Berlin, Reimer, 1835, Band IV, Fünfter Theil, pp.475-476.
  4. ^ A.H. Dani and P. Bernard, “Alexander and His Successors in Central Asia”, in János Harmatta, B.N. Puri and G.F. Etemadi (editors), History of civilizations of Central Asia, Paris, UNESCO, Vol.II, 1994, p.85. Herbert Wilhelmy has pointed out that siltation had caused the Indus to change its course many times over the centuries and that in Alexander’s time it bifurcated at the site of Bahmanabad, 75 kilometres to the north east of Hyderabad, which John Watson McCrindle had considered to occupy the site of ancient Patala (Herbert Wilhelmy, “Verschollene Städte im Indusdelta“, Geographische Zeitschrift, Bd.56, heft 4, 1968, pp.256-294, n.b. pp.258-63; John Watson McCrindle, Ancient India as described in Classical Literature, Westminster, Constable, 1901, pp.19, 40, 124, 188; idem, The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great, Westminster, Constable, 1893, pp.356-7).
  5. ^ Strabo, Geography, bk.XV, c.13; quoted in John Watson McCrindle, Ancient India as described in Classical Literature, being a Collection of Greek and Latin Texts relating to India, Westminster, Constable, 1901, p.19.
  6. ^ Strabo, Geography, bk.XV, c.33; quoted in McCrindle, 1901, p.40.
  7. ^ Agatharchides of Cnidus, On the Erythraean Sea, translated and edited by Stanley M. Burstein, London, Hakluyt Society, 1989, p.169.
  8. ^ Pakistan flood victims flee Thatta. Guardian, Retrieved 2010-12-27.

Abdul Jalil Memon

External links [link]
Islamabad Capital Territory
Punjab
Sindh
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Balochistan
Azad Kashmir
Gilgit–Baltistan
*Federal capital **Provincial/Territorial capitals

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TATU LYRICS
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Zarevet ubezhat
Ili dver na zamok
I molchat I lezhat
Izuchat potolok
I mechtat ne kad vse
Tselovat nebesa
Potolok karusel
Polchasa polchasa
Polchasa poezda pod otkos
Palchasa ne tvoya polosa
Palchasa, palchasa v ne vopros
Ne otvet polchasa, polchasa
Polchasa bez tebya, polchasa
Polchasa on I ya, polchasa
Kazhdyi sam, kazhdyi sam Polchasa
po svoim adresam Polchasa
Sorvalas I kak vse
Kak vo sne
Ya ni ya
Ne moya karusel
I mechta ne moya
Ili dym, ili grust
Ili dozhd, po glazam
Ya vernus, ya vernus
Polachasa, polchasa
Polchasa poezda pod otkos
Palchasa ne tvoya polosa
Palchasa, palchasa v ne vopros
Ne otvet polchasa, polchasa
Polchasa bez tebya, polchasa
Polchasa on I ya, polchasa
Kazhdyi sam, kazhdyi sam Polchasa
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