Chinese romanization
Mandarin
for Standard Chinese
    Hanyu Pinyin (ISO standard)
    EFEO
    Gwoyeu Romatzyh
        Spelling conventions
    Latinxua Sin Wenz
    Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
    Chinese Postal Map Romanization
    Tongyong Pinyin
    Wade–Giles
    Yale
    Legge romanization
    Simplified Wade
    Comparison chart
for Sichuanese Mandarin
    Sichuanese Pinyin
    Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz
Yue
for Cantonese
    Guangdong Romanization
    Hong Kong Government
    Jyutping
    Meyer-Wempe
    Sidney Lau
    S. L. Wong (phonetic symbols)
    S. L. Wong (romanisation)
    Cantonese Pinyin
    Standard Romanization
    Yale
    Barnett–Chao
Wu
for Shanghai and Suzhou dialects
    Long-short
for Wenzhounese

    Wenzhounese romanisation
Min Nan
for Taiwanese, Amoy, and related
    Pe̍h-ōe-jī
    Bbínpīn Hōngàn
    Daighi tongiong pingim
    Modern Literal Taiwanese
    Phofsit Daibuun
    Tâi-lô
    TLPA
for Hainanese
    Hainanhua Pinyin Fang'an
for Teochew
    Peng'im
Min Dong
for Fuzhou dialect
    Foochow Romanized
Hakka
for Moiyan dialect
    Kejiahua Pinyin Fang'an
For Siyen dialect
    Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
    TLPA
Gan
for Nanchang dialect
    Pha̍k-oa-chhi
See also:
   General Chinese
   Cyrillization
   Xiao'erjing
   'Phags-pa script
   Bopomofo
   Taiwanese kana
   Romanisation in Singapore
   Romanization in Taiwan
This box:

The Taiwanese Romanization System (TL, Chinese: 台灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Peng-im Hong-àn; often referred to as Tâi-lô) is a transcription system for Taiwanese Hokkien. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.[1] In is nearly identical to TLPA apart from using ts tsh j instead of c ch j for the fricatives /ts tsʰ dz/.

Contents

Values [link]

Consonants [link]

Initials
Bilabial Alveolar Alveolo-palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless
Nasal m [m]
ㄇ 毛(moo)		 n [n]
ㄋ 耐(nāi)		 ng [ŋ]
ㄫ 雅(ngá)
Plosive Unaspirated p [p]
ㄅ 邊(pian)		 b [b]
ㆠ 文(bûn)		 t [t]
ㄉ 地(tē)		 k [k]
ㄍ 求(kiû)		 g [g]
ㆣ 語(gí)
Aspirated ph [pʰ]
ㄆ 波(pho)		 th [tʰ]
ㄊ 他(thann)		 kh [kʰ]
ㄎ 去(khì)
Affricate Unaspirated ts [ts]
ㄗ 曾(tsan)		 j [dz]
ㆡ 熱(jua̍h)		 tsi [tɕ]
ㄐ 尖(tsiam)		 ji [dʑ]
ㆢ 入(ji̍p)
Aspirated tsh [tsʰ]
ㄘ 出(tshut)		 tshi [tɕʰ]
ㄑ 手(tshiú)
Fricative s [s]
ㄙ 衫(sann)		 si [ɕ]
ㄒ 寫(siá)		 h [h]
ㄏ 喜(hí)
Lateral l [l]
ㄌ 柳(liú)
Finals
Bilabial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal -m [m]
ㆬ		 -n [n]
ㄣ		 -ng [ŋ]
ㆭ
Plosive -p [p̚]
ㆴ		 -t [t̚]
ㆵ		 -k [k̚]
ㆶ		 -h [ʔ]
ㆷ
Syllabic consonant
Bilabial Velar
Nasal m [m̩]
ㆬ		 ng [ŋ̍]
ㆭ

Vowels [link]

Simple & Nasal Dialect
Front Central Back
Simple Nasal Simple Simple Nasal
Close i
[i] ㄧ		 inn
[ĩ] ㆪ		 u
[u] ㄨ		 unn
[ũ] ㆫ
Mid e
[e] ㆤ		 enn
[ẽ] ㆥ		 o
[ə] ㄜ, [o] ㄛ		 oo
[ɔ] ㆦ		 onn
[ɔ̃] ㆧ
Open a
[a] ㄚ		 ann
[ã] ㆩ
Tâi-lô IPA Bopomofo
ir [ɨ] ㆨ
er [ə] ㄜ
ee [ɛ] ㄝ
ere [əe]

There is also syllabic m and ng. -nn forms the nasal vowels ann enn inn onn unn ainn aunn [ã ẽ ĩ ɔ̃ ũ ãĩ ãũ]. i and u may also form the diphthongs ai au and the medials in ia iann iau iaunn io ionn iu iunn and ua uann uai uainn ue ui uinn.

The vowel [ɔ] is spelled oo in isolation and in ooh [ɔʔ]. Elsewhere it is spelled o (op ok om ong onn). [ɤ] only occurs as o, oh [ɤ, ɤʔ].

The only coda found after diphthongs, nasal vowels, and syllabic nasals is h: auh, annh, ainnh, aunnh, ennh, innh, onnh, unnh, mh, ngh [auʔ ãʔ ãĩʔ ãũʔ ẽʔ ĩʔ ɔ̃ʔ ũʔ mʔ ŋʔ], as in phngh [pʰŋʔ].

Tones [link]

Tâi-lô IPA Tâi-lô IPA
陰平 tong tɔ́ŋ 陽平 tông tɔ̌ŋ
 上 tóng tɔ̂ŋ
陰去 tòng tɔ̀ŋ 陽去 tōng tɔ̄ŋ
陰入 tok tɔ̀k 陽入 to̍k tɔ́k

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

References [link]

  1. ^ Tseng Rui-cheng (2009) (in Chinese). Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an Shiyong Shouce (Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System). ROC Ministry of Education. ISBN 978-986-01-6637-8. https://english.moe.gov.tw/public/Attachment/9851214271.pdf. 

External links [link]


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