TV Lab at Thirteen/WNET

TV Lab (short for Television Laboratory) was a program founded at Thirteen/WNET public television station in 1972 by David Loxton with support from the Rockefeller Foundation and New York State Council on the Arts. The program provided artists with advanced video making equipment through an artist-in-residence program. Between 1975 and 1977, the Video Tape Review series was established and broadcast through TV Lab. David Loxton created TV Lab's Independent Documentary Fund in 1977, aiming to provide funding for the creation of independent documentaries. Unable to match funds from the National Endowment for the Arts, the IDF and TV Lab lost support, eventually ending in 1984.

History

In 1971, the Rockefeller Foundation donated $150,000 for the establishment of TV Lab. At the time, Howard Klein was Assistant Director at the Rockefeller Foundation and played an instrumental role in the Rockefeller Foundation's decision to donate to TV Lab at Thirteen/WNET, working with WGBH's Fred Barzyk and artist Nam June Paik, among others. Initially, John Jay Iselin, WNET's President at the time, suggested Robert Kotlowitz for the role of TV Lab director, but artists involved in the project expressed discontent with the proposal. Barzyk then suggested David Loxton for the position of Director, and in 1972 TV Lab began under Loxton's direction with additional grants from the New York State Council on the Arts.

WNET

WNET, channel 13, is a non-commercial educational, public television station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, USA. With its signal covering the New York metropolitan area, WNET is a member station of, and program provider to, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). WNET's main studios and offices are located in Midtown Manhattan with an auxiliary street-level studio in the Lincoln Center complex on the Upper West Side. The station's transmitter is on the Empire State Building.

The license-holder is WNET.org, formerly known as the Educational Broadcasting Corporation. WNET is also the parent of the Long Island-based PBS station WLIW (channel 21) and the operator of the New Jersey PBS network NJTV.

History

Independent station

WNET commenced broadcasting on May 15, 1948, as WATV, a commercial television station owned by Atlantic Television, a subsidiary of Bremer Broadcasting Corporation. Bremer also owned two northern New Jersey radio stations, WAAT (970 AM, now WNYM) and WAAT-FM (94.7 MHz., now WNSH). The three stations were based in the Mosque Theatre (now Symphony Hall) at 1020 Broad Street in Newark. WATV was the first of three new stations in the New York City television market to sign on the air during 1948, and was also the first independent station. One unusual daytime program, Daywatch, consisted of a camera focused on a teletypewriter printing wire service news stories, interspersed with cut-aways to mechanical toys against a light music soundtrack. Another early series by the station was Stairway to Stardom (1950-1951), one of the first TV series with an African-American host.

Numeral (linguistics)

In linguistics, a numeral is a member of a word class (or sometimes even a part of speech) designating numbers, such as the English word 'two' and the compound 'seventy-seven'.

Identifying numerals

Numerals may be attributive, as in two dogs, or pronominal, as in I saw two (of them).

Many words of different parts of speech indicate number or quantity. Quantifiers do not enumerate, or designate a specific number, but give another, often less specific, indication of amount. Examples are words such as every, most, least, some, etc. There are also number words which enumerate but are not a distinct part of speech, such as 'dozen', which is a noun, 'first', which is an adjective, or 'twice', which is an adverb. Numerals enumerate, but in addition have distinct grammatical behavior: when a numeral modifies a noun, it may replace the article: the/some dogs played in the parktwelve dogs played in the park. (Note that *dozen dogs played in the park is not grammatical, so 'dozen' is not a numeral.)

The Winnie Years

The Winnie Years is an ongoing series of children's fiction novels by American author Lauren Myracle. The first entry in the series, Eleven, was published on February 9, 2004 through Dutton Juvenile and focuses on the angst and everyday problems of tween Winnie Perry.

Of the books in the series, Myracle stated that they were her "most autobiographical books" in that she drew heavily upon her own experiences as a tween. The author has admitted that her son Jamie is the basis for the character of Ty, Winnie's younger brother, and that she has plans for a spinoff series surrounding the character.


Series synopsis

Ten

Ten is a prequel to the series and follows Winnie as she turns ten. Excited over the new responsibilities and changes that will come with her new age, the book chronicles Winnie's adventures and misadventures with her family and friends. Winnie overcomes challenges and really gets a taste of what it's like to be a 'pre-teen'

Eleven

Eleven follows Winnie as she deals with more changes, one of which concerns her best friend Amanda potentially losing interest in their friendship in favor of someone else. On top of this Winnie also has to deal with her cranky older sister and an ill crush. Sick of the issues and problems that come with getting older, Winnie vows that she won't go through any changes, despite life having other plans for her.

13 (disambiguation)

13 is the year 13 AD.

13 or Thirteen may also refer to:

  • 13 (number)
  • Music

  • 13AD (band), an Indian band
  • Albums

  • 13 (Black Sabbath album), 2013
  • 13 (Blur album), 1999
  • 13 (Brian Setzer album), 2006
  • 13 (Die Ärzte album), 1998
  • 13 (The Doors album), 1970
  • 13 (HLAH album), 1993
  • 13 (Norman Westberg album), 2015
  • 13 (Ozark Mountain Daredevils album), 1997
  • 13 (Six Feet Under album), 2005
  • 13 (Suicidal Tendencies album), 2013
  • 13 (Solace album), 2003
  • 13 (Second Coming album), 2003
  • 13 (Havoc album), 2013
  • 13, a 2000 album by Friday's Child
  • 13 (EP), an EP by Ces Cru
  • Thirteen (CJ & The Satellites album), 2007
  • Thirteen (Emmylou Harris album), 1986
  • Thirteen (Megadeth album), 2011
  • Thirteen (Robert Miles album), 2011
  • Thirteen (Teenage Fanclub album), 1993
  • Thirteens (album) is a 2008 album by Leona Naess
  • This is Thirteen (Anvil album), 2007
  • Songs

  • "13", a song by Anthrax from State of Euphoria
  • "13", a song by D'espairsRay from Monsters
  • "13", a song by Megadeth from Thirteen
  • "13", a song by Perspects from A Bugged Out Mix
  • Labé

    Labé is the main city and administrative capital of the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea. It has a population of about 200.000. It is the second largest city in the country after the capital Conakry in term of economic importance. Labé is situated some 450 km northeast of Conakry close to the geographic centre of Guinea.

    History

    The city was founded around 1755 by Karamoko Alpha mo Labé, a Muslim religious leader who introduced Islam in the region in the 18th century and who also founded a theocratic state in Fouta Djallon.

    The city was the capital of the Diwal/province of Labe prior to French colonisation. It was home to Muslim leaders and scholars who resisted colonisation, such as Alpha Yaya Diallo. Labe is the most important city in the Moyenne (Middle)Guinea region also known as Fouta Djallon. Labe is considered as a major cultural and religious center in West Africa, especially among the Fulani people. Many Muslim scholars made Labe a famous learning place in Islamic studies. The most prominent of the erudites being Alfa Oumarou Rafiou (Dara Labe), Thierno Doura Sombili, Thierno Diawo Pellel, Thierno Aliou Bhouba Dian.

    Labëria

    Labëria is a historic region that is roughly situated in Southern Albania. Its inhabitants are known as Labs (referred to as Albanian: sing: Lab, pl. Lebër, also dial. sing.: Lap in Albanian and Greek: Λιάπης, Liapis in Greek) and its boundaries reach from Vlorë to Himara in the south, to the Greek border near Sarandë, incorporating the Kurvelesh region of Gjirokastër District and extending east to the city of Tepelenë.

    Labëria is culturally distinguishable from the rest of Albania in its traditions and folklore. The Labs were warlike pastoral people who lived mainly in the mountains of Kurvelesh, Progonat and Vlorë during the Ottoman invasion of Albania. However, due to mass migrations to urban areas following World War II, the population is now concentrated in the cities of Vlorë, Tepelenë, Gjirokastër and Sarandë.

    Historically the Labs were followers of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity but many converted to Islam during Ottomon rule, with the bulk of conversion occurring in the 18th century. Conversions were especially intense during years of conflict between Orthodox Russia and the Ottoman Empire, during which some pressure was applied on Orthodox Christians by Ottoman rulers, including even low-scale forced conversion of villages, contradicting the official Ottoman tolerance for Christians. Additional reasons for conversion included discrimination and exploitation of Christians by Ottoman rulers, the previous patterns of conversion between different Christian sects and the diverse pre-Ottoman distribution of Christian faiths in the region (including Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Bogomolism and even Arianism), the poll tax which only Christians had to pay, the poverty of the church, the mass illiteracy of priests and the fact that the language of worship was not the Albanian vernacular. Tradition holds that a mass conversion of Labs occurred during a famine in which the bishops of Himara and Delvina refused to let the Labs break fast and drink milk.

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