Taar6

Trace amine associated receptor 6

Identifiers

TAAR6; RP11-295F4.3; TA4; TAR4; TAR6; TRAR4; taR-4; taR-6

External IDs

OMIM: 608923 MGI: 2685074 HomoloGene: 27874 IUPHAR: TAAR6 GeneCards: TAAR6 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• signal transducer activity • receptor activity • G-protein coupled receptor activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6:
132.89 – 132.89 Mb

Chr 10:
23.7 – 23.71 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Trace amine associated receptor 6, also known as TAAR6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TAAR6 gene.^[1]^[2]

Function [link]

TAAR6 belongs to the trace amine-associated receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amine compounds that are chemically similar to classic biogenic amines like dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine. Trace amines were thought to be 'false transmitters' that displace classic biogenic amines from their storage and act on transporters in a fashion similar to the amphetamines, but the identification of brain receptors specific to trace amines indicates that they also have effects of their own.^[3]^[4]

References [link]

^ Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, Raddatz R, Artymyshyn R, Ogozalek KL, Durkin MM, Lakhlani PP, Bonini JA, Pathirana S, Boyle N, Pu X, Kouranova E, Lichtblau H, Ochoa FY, Branchek TA, Gerald C (July 2001). "Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (16): 8966–71. DOI:10.1073/pnas.151105198. PMC 55357. PMID 11459929. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=55357.
^ Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (March 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics 85 (3): 372–85. DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
^ Duan J, Martinez M, Sanders AR, Hou C, Saitou N, Kitano T, Mowry BJ, Crowe RR, Silverman JM, Levinson DF, Gejman PV (October 2004). "Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (4): 624–38. DOI:10.1086/424887. PMC 1182049. PMID 15329799. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1182049.
^ "Entrez Gene: TAAR6 trace amine associated receptor 6". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=319100.

Further reading [link]

Cao Q, Martinez M, Zhang J, et al. (1997). "Suggestive evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q and a confirmation in an independent series of pedigrees.". Genomics 43 (1): 1–8. DOI:10.1006/geno.1997.4815. PMID 9226366.
Kaufmann CA, Suarez B, Malaspina D, et al. (1998). "NIMH Genetics Initiative Millennium Schizophrenia Consortium: linkage analysis of African-American pedigrees.". Am. J. Med. Genet. 81 (4): 282–9. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980710)81:4<282::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-W. PMID 9674972.
Borowsky B, Adham N, Jones KA, et al. (2001). "Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (16): 8966–71. DOI:10.1073/pnas.151105198. PMC 55357. PMID 11459929. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=55357.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. DOI:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.". Nature 425 (6960): 805–11. DOI:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404.
Duan J, Martinez M, Sanders AR, et al. (2004). "Polymorphisms in the trace amine receptor 4 (TRAR4) gene on chromosome 6q23.2 are associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 75 (4): 624–38. DOI:10.1086/424887. PMC 1182049. PMID 15329799. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1182049.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. DOI:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, et al. (2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors.". Genomics 85 (3): 372–85. DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
Amann D, Avidan N, Kanyas K, et al. (2006). "The trace amine receptor 4 gene is not associated with schizophrenia in a sample linked to chromosome 6q23.". Mol. Psychiatry 11 (2): 119–21. DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001752. PMID 16189505.

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

TAAR Ligands

TAAR1

Agonists	Selective: O-Phenyl-3-iodotyramine • RO5166017; Non-selective: 3-Iodothyronamine • 3-Methoxytyramine • 5-MeO-DMT • Amphetamine • Apomorphine • Bromocriptine • Bufotenin • DMT • DOI • Dopamine • LSD • m-Octopamine • m-Tyramine • MDMA • Methamphetamine • N-Methylphenethylamine • N-Methyltryptamine • N-Methyltyramine • Nomifensine • Norepinephrine • p-Octopamine • p-Tyramine • Phenethylamine • Serotonin • Synephrine • Tryptamine; Unknown: RG7351 * Note that many other phenethylamines, tryptamines, ergolines, and thyronamines are either known to or are likely to act as non-selective TAAR1 agonists as well.

Antagonists	Selective: EPPTB (RO5212773)

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:
Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 8 9 10 12 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)

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Function [link]

References [link]

Further reading [link]

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