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Cao (Chinese surname)
Cao (/ˈtsaʊ/) is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 曹 (Cáo).
It was listed 26th among the Song-era Hundred Family Surnames.
Romanizations
Cao is romanized as Ts'ao in Wade-Giles, although the needed apostrophe is often omitted in practice. It is romanized Cho, Cou, Tso, and Chaw in Cantonese; Chou, Chô, and Chháu in Min Nan; Chau, Chow in Teochew; and Tháu in Gan.
The Vietnamese surname based on it is now written Tào; the Korean surname is now written 조 and romanized as Jo or Cho; and the Japanese surname which still employs the same Kanji is romanized Sō.
Distribution
At last count, Cao was the 30th-most-common surname in mainland China and the 58th-most-common surname on Taiwan.
In the United States, the romanization Cao is a fairly common surname, ranked 7,425th during the 1990 census but 2,986th during the year 2000 census. It is one of the few Chinese surnames whose pinyin transcription is already more common than other variants. The Wade transcription Tsao was only ranked 16,306th during the 1990 census and 12,580th during the year 2000 one. The Cantonese transcription is actually becoming less common, falling from 7,638th place to 9,925th. The Korean name Cho is more common still than Cao, befitting its frequency in Korea itself, where it makes up about 2% of the South Korean population: see Cho (Korean name).
Thorne–Żytkow object
A Thorne–Żytkow object (TŻO or TZO) is a type of star wherein a red giant or supergiant contains a neutron star at its core, formed from the collision of the giant with the neutron star. Such objects were hypothesized by Kip Thorne and Anna Żytkow in 1977. In 2014, it was discovered that the star HV 2112 was a strong candidate.
Formation
A Thorne–Żytkow object is formed when a neutron star collides with a star, typically a red giant or supergiant. The colliding objects can simply be wandering stars. This is only likely to occur in extremely crowded globular clusters. Alternatively, the neutron star could form in a binary system after one of the two stars went supernova. Because no supernova is perfectly symmetric, and because the binding energy of the binary changes with the mass lost in the supernova, the neutron star will be left with some velocity relative to its original orbit. This kick may cause its new orbit to intersect with its companion, or, if its companion is a main-sequence star, it may be engulfed when its companion evolves into a red giant.
Třešť
Třešť (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛʃc]; German: Triesch) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic, which was founded around the turn of the 13th century. It has around 6,000 inhabitants.
Economist Joseph Schumpeter was born there in 1883. Franz Kafka visited his uncle in Triesch, who was the subject of Kafka's story "A Country Doctor". Some also believe that the Triesch castle was the inspiration behind Kafka's novel The Castle.
Uniforms for the papal Swiss Guard are made in the city.
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TE
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GM 4T60-E transmission
The 4T60-E (and similar 4T65-E) is a series of automatic transmissions from General Motors. Designed for transverse engine configurations, the series includes 4 forward gears. The 4Txx family is an evolution of the original Turbo-Hydramatic 125 transverse automatic introduced in the late 1970s.
The "-E" transmission is electronically controlled and features an automatic overdrive transaxle with an electronically controlled torque converter clutch.
The 4T65 is built at Warren Transmission in Warren, Michigan.
4T60-E
In 1991 GM introduced the 4T60-E which was a 4T60 with electronic controls. By the mid-1990s, the 4T60-E was the transmission of choice in nearly every front-wheel drive GM vehicle with the exception of compacts. A heavy-duty 4T60-E HD was produced only in 1996 for the supercharged GM 3800 engine. The 4T60-E was phased out in favor of the 4T65 beginning in 1997.
The 4T60-E featured a 245mm torque converter with varying stall speed and gear ratios. Stall speed is the rpm(revolutions per minute) that the converter reaches maximum efficiency and is correlated with the engine and vehicle weight for the best combination of power and efficiency for the vehicle. (For example a '95 Beretta features a 1650rpm stall converter as opposed to '99 Century converter with a stall of 2095rpm.) Gear ratios are remarkable in the 4T60 family in that there are two points in which the transmission can have different gearing (the drive-chain sprockets and the differential) resulting in up to 12 different available gear ratios. The combined gearing of the two is the overall transaxle ratio and is called the "Final Drive Ratio", and the different ratios allow the use of the transmission in multiple applications based on the engine and vehicle.
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