SMZ cycle-car
The SMZ cycle car was a Soviet microcar, manufactured in Serpukhov, Russia by Serpukhov Motor Works (Russian: Серпуховский Мотозавод, Serpukhovskiy Motozavod), now SeAZ. The most common models were the S-3A (S-Three-A) and S-3D (S-Three-D). They were specially designed for disabled drivers and were distributed in the USSR for free or at a large discounts through the Soviet Union's social welfare system, and were not officially sold to non-disabled people.
The S-3A-M was produced between 1958 and 1970. It was powered by a 346 cc single-cylinder two-stroke engine giving 10 hp (7 kW) and a top speed of 55 km/h (34 mph).
S-3D, produced between 1970 and 1997, was a twin-seat, four-wheeled cycle-car, 2.6 metres (102.4 in) in length, but rather heavy (~500 kg) due to all-steel body. It was powered by IZH-P3 air-cooled two-stroke engine (18 DIN hp).
In the USSR they were commonly known as "motor-wheelchairs" (or invalidka in Russian), because they were only leased via social care system to disabled people for five years without permission to sell, just like the British Invacars, made by AC, Thundersley and Tippen. After 5 years of use, a lessee had to return his "motor-wheelchair" to social care organisations, and was given a new one.
Fen
A fen is one of the main types of wetland, the others being grassy marshes, forested swamps, and peaty bogs. Along with bogs, fens are a kind of mire. Fens are usually fed by mineral-rich surface water or groundwater. They are characterised by their water chemistry, which is pH neutral or alkaline, with relatively high dissolved mineral levels but few other plant nutrients. They are usually dominated by grasses and sedges, and typically have brown mosses in general including Scorpidium or Drepanocladus. Fens frequently have a high diversity of other plant species including carnivorous plants such as Pinguicula. They may also occur along large lakes and rivers where seasonal changes in water level maintain wet soils with few woody plants. The distribution of individual species of fen plants is often closely connected to water regimes and nutrient concentrations.
Fens have a characteristic set of plant species, which sometimes provide the best indicators of environmental conditions. For example, fen indicator species in New York State include Carex flava, Cladium mariscoides, Potentilla fruticosa, Pogonia ophioglossoides and Parnassia glauca.
Car (surname)
Car is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Car (Greek mythology)
Car or Kar (Greek: Κάρ) is a name in Greek mythology that refers to two characters who may or may not be one and the same.
The name "Car" is unrelated to the English word "car" (vehicle).
Car of Megara
According to Pausanias, Car was the king of Megara and the son of Phoroneus (and Cerdo). His tomb was located on the road from Megara to Corinth. The acropolis at Megara derived its name Caria from him.
Car of the Carians
Herodotus mentions a (probably) different Car, brother of Lydus and Mysus; the three brothers were believed to have been the ancestral heroes and eponyms of the Carians, the Lydians and the Mysians respectively. This Car was credited by Pliny the Elder with inventing the auspicia.
Car was also said to have founded the city Alabanda, which he named after Alabandus, his son by Callirhoe (the daughter of the river god Maeander). In turn, Alabandus's name is said to have been chosen in commemoration of his Car's victory in a horse fight— according to the scholar Stephanus of Byzantium, "Alabandos" was the Carian word for "winner in a horse fight". Another son of Car, Idrieus, had the city Idrias named after himself.
Cycle (album)
Cycle is an album by the Japanese noise musician Merzbow. It features recordings of Masami Akita's pet chickens. Material from this album was performed live at Radio Nova in Oslo, which was released as Mini Cycle / Yoshino Tamago / Yonos Bigfoot.
Track listing
All music composed by Masami Akita.
Personnel
References
Chain (algebraic topology)
In algebraic topology, a simplicial k-chain is a formal linear combination of k-simplices.
Integration on chains
Integration is defined on chains by taking the linear combination of integrals over the simplices in the chain with coefficients typically integers. The set of all k-chains forms a group and the sequence of these groups is called a chain complex.
Boundary operator on chains
The boundary of a chain is the linear combination of boundaries of the simplices in the chain. The boundary of a k-chain is a (k−1)-chain. Note that the boundary of a simplex is not a simplex, but a chain with coefficients 1 or −1 – thus chains are the closure of simplices under the boundary operator.
Example 1: The boundary of a path is the formal difference of its endpoints: it is a telescoping sum. To illustrate, if the 1-chain 
is a path from point 
to point 
, where
![t_{1}=[v_{1},v_{2}]\,](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/d/7b/b6e7d3ecaef478651e0d8-462f82.png)
,
![t_{2}=[v_{2},v_{3}]\,](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/5/43/5ee705b1ad0e6ff83958b-3e5558.png)
and
![t_{3}=[v_{3},v_{4}]\,](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/8/c8/09108c28ba3db9561bd33-758664.png)
are its constituent 1-simplices, then
![{\begin{aligned}\partial _{1}c&=\partial _{1}(t_{1}+t_{2}+t_{3})\\&=\partial _{1}(t_{1})+\partial _{1}(t_{2})+\partial _{1}(t_{3})\\&=\partial _{1}([v_{1},v_{2}])+\partial _{1}([v_{2},v_{3}])+\partial _{1}([v_{3},v_{4}])\\&=([v_{2}]-[v_{1}])+([v_{3}]-[v_{2}])+([v_{4}]-[v_{3}])\\&=[v_{4}]-[v_{1}].\end{aligned}}](http://assets.wn.com/wiki/en/b/b0/183536d07b946501af8c5-48538c.png)
Example 2: The boundary of the triangle is a formal sum of its edges with signs arranged to make the traversal of the boundary counterclockwise.
Two-stroke engine
A two-stroke, or two-cycle, engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution. This is in contrast to a "four-stroke engine", which requires four strokes of the piston to complete a power cycle. In a two-stroke engine, the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously, with the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions occurring at the same time.
Two-stroke engines often have a high power-to-weight ratio, usually in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the "power band". Compared to four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines have a greatly reduced number of moving parts, and so can be more compact and significantly lighter.
The first commercial two-stroke engine involving in-cylinder compression is attributed to Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk, who patented his design in 1881. However, unlike most later two-stroke engines, his had a separate charging cylinder. The crankcase-scavenged engine, employing the area below the piston as a charging pump, is generally credited to Englishman Joseph Day. The first truly practical two-stroke engine is attributed to Yorkshireman Alfred Angas Scott, who started producing twin-cylinder water-cooled motorcycles in 1908.
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