Synthetic fabric

Synthetic fabrics are textiles made from man-made rather than natural fibers.

Examples of synthetic fabrics include polyester, acrylic, nylon, rayon, acetate, spandex, lastex, and Kevlar.

Synthetic (chemically produced) fibres are made by joining monomers into polymers, through a process called polymerization. A synthetic fibre, when magnified, looks like plastic spun together. Chemicals used to make synthetic fibers include sodium hydroxide and carbon disulphide, which are derived from coal, oil, or natural gas. Pressure forces the liquid chemicals through tiny holes called spinnerets. As the liquid comes out of the spinnerets and into the air, it cools and forms tiny threads. Manufacturers add dyes to these threads before weaving them into fabric.

Synthetic fabrics have many different qualities—including some not achievable with natural fibres. Synthetic fibres can provide waterproof fabrics and elastic fabrics for swimwear and lingerie. Depending on the synthetic fabric, various added chemicals can make it softer, wrinkle free, flame-resistant, water resistant, stain-resistant, or moth-repellent. While all these qualities are desirable, the processes can harm the environment, wildlife, and people's health.