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Swellendam
Swellendam Location in the Western Cape
Swellendam
Coordinates: 34°2′S 20°26′E / 34.033°S 20.433°E / -34.033; 20.433Coordinates: 34°2′S 20°26′E / 34.033°S 20.433°E / -34.033; 20.433
Country	South Africa
Province	Western Cape
District	Overberg
Municipality	Swellendam
Established	1746[1]
Area[2]
• Total	22.57 km2 (8.71 sq mi)
Population (2001)[2]
• Total	13,557
• Density	600/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2001)[2]
• Black African	9.9%
• Coloured	65.8%
• Indian/Asian	0.2%
• White	24.0%
First languages (2001)[2]
• Afrikaans	88.1%
• Xhosa	7.3%
• English	4.0%
• Other	0.6%
Time zone	SAST (UTC+2)

Swellendam is the third oldest town in the Republic of South Africa, a town with 28,072 inhabitants situated in the Western Cape province. The town has over 50 National monuments most of them buildings of Cape Dutch architecture.

Swellendam is situated on the N2, approximately 220 km from both Cape Town and George.

History [link]

Historical states in present-day South Africa
before 1600 Mapungubwe (1050–1270)
1600–1700 Cape Colony (1652–1910)
1700–1800 Swellendam (1795) Graaff Reinet (1795–1796)
1800–1850 Waterboer's Land (1813–1871) Zulu Kingdom (1818–1897) Adam Kok's Land (1825–1861) Winburg (1836–1844) Potchefstroom (1837–1848) Natalia Republic (1839–1843)
1850–1875 Orange Free State (1854–1902) Republic of Utrecht (1854–1858) Lydenburg Republic (1856–1860) South African Republic (1857–1902) Griqualand East (1861–1879) Griqualand West (1870)
1875–1900 Stellaland (1882–1885) Goshen (1882–1883) Nieuw Republiek (1884–1888) Klein Vrystaat (1886–1891)
1900–present Cape Colony (1652–1910) Union of South Africa (1910–1961) Transkei (1976–1994) Bophuthatswana (1977–1994) Venda (1979–1994) Ciskei (1981–1994) Republic of South Africa (1961–present)
more

Early travellers and explorers who visited the Cape in the 16th century traded with the Khoikhoi people who lived on these shores. When the Dutch East India Company established a replenishment station at the Cape in 1652, trade continued inland as far as Swellendam.

In 1743 Swellendam was declared a magisterial district, the third oldest in South Africa, and was named after Governor Hendrik Swellengrebel and his wife, Helena Ten Damme. This outlying settlement soon became a gateway to the interior, and was visited by many famous explorers and travellers including François Le Vaillant (1781), Lady Anne Barnard (1798), William John Burchell (1815) and Bowler (1860). In time, a village was established opposite the Drostdy, where artisans including numerous wainwrights and traders settled. To travellers and explorers, the services of the village folk were indispensable, as Swellendam was the last outpost of civilization on the eastern frontier.

By 1795 maladministration and inadequacies of the Dutch East India Company caused the long-suffering burghers of Swellendam to revolt, and in 1795 they declared themselves a Republic. Hermanus Steyn was appointed as President of the Republic of Swellendam, he was the first to be appointed the title of President in South Africa. But the Republic was short-lived due to the occupation of the Cape by the Kingdom of Great Britain. With the arrival of British settlers in the early 19th century the Overberg boomed, and its capital, Swellendam, was soon the heart of the famous mercantile empire of Barry and Nephews, created by Joseph Barry.

By the middle of the 19th century, the eastern districts had been colonized by the British settlers and Swellendam was a thriving metropolis. The town served as a useful refreshment station on the long, slow journey up the coast. Today Swellendam is a flourishing agricultural area, and has many attractive and historic buildings which serve as a reminder of its exciting past. The first known sketch of Swellendam was of the Drostdy, by Johannes Schumacher in 1776, when he accompanied the son of Governor Swellengrebel to the town. Today the Drostdy forms part of a museum complex that consist of several heritage sites.

In June 2011, the Swellendam Municipality area, which includes Barrydale, Suurbraak, Malgas, Infanta and Stormsvlei, re-declared itself a Republic. This republic is dedicated to the principles of the New South Africa, and celebrates rural life, racial harmony, respect for nature and wildlife, and aims to promote sustainability and an "unplugged" way of life for all to enjoy.

Famous pioneer families of Swellendam [link]

Some of the well known families that settled in the region and have stayed for decades are the Barry family, the Moodies from Scotland, the Steyns, the Streicher family, the van Eedens, the Rothmanns, the Tomlinson and the Dunn family

Climate [link]

The region has a predominantly Mediterranean climate. There are long summer days in January and February. During February and March, summer draws to a close, with prevailing South Easter winds. April and May are Autumnal months, with milder days and occasional showers. June and July bring the Cape Winter, with mild weather, rain and possible snow on the mountain tops. August and September are the start of spring.

Fauna and flora [link]

Swellendam and surrounds has three nature reserves to offer, Marloth Nature Reserve, Sanbona Wildlife Reserve and Bontebok National Park. Bontebok National Park is where the rare Bontebok was protected when it was close to extinction. The population has increased from 17 individuals in 1931 to a sustainable number today.^{[citation needed]}

The area is a botanist’s dream with an abundance of wild flowers and fynbos. The 250ha indigenous forest at Grootvadersbosch is the most noteworthy in the southwestern Cape. Woods like these are rare to find in the Cape this far west of the Knysna forests.

Wildlife such as the endangered Bontebok and Cape Mountain Zebra abound: Bushbuck, Klipspringer, Grey Rhebuck, Cape Grysbok, Baboon, Mongoose, Genet and the occasional Leopard. As well as a species of ghost frog and a unique Forest Emperor Butterfly. Witsand, a small coastal town about 50 km from Swellendam is one of the best whale viewing spots on the South coast as it is the largest whale nursery in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

Of the impressive 200 species of birds you stand a chance to spot: Waterfowl, Crowned eagle, the black eagle, Narina Trogon, Paradise Flycatcher and the Knysna Woodpecker.

The town is situated at the foot of the Langeberg (Long mountain), and there are many hiking trails, ranging from day-walks to a 5 to 7 day trail.

Agriculture [link]

Swellendam's Co-op. SSK- Sentraal-Suid Koöperasie

Varia [link]

May 2007 the Swellendam VOR SWV 114.4 MHz was permanently withdrawn.

• Swellendam view.jpg

  Swellendam with the Clock Peaks (1710m) of the Langeberg in the background

• 

  The Swellendam Streicher family's arms

• 

  Building of the Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk in Swellendam

• 

  The Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve against the Langeberg Mountains

References [link]

External links [link]

• A real estate agency's description of Swellendam's history and amenities
• Bukkenburg house one of the Streicher family's town houses

v t e Municipalities and communities of Overberg District Municipality, Western Cape District seat: Bredasdorp Local municipalities Cape Agulhas Overstrand Swellendam Theewaterskloof Cities and towns Arniston Baardskeerdersbos Barrydale Betty's Bay Birkenhead Botrivier Bredasdorp Caledon Dennehof De Kelders Elgin Elim Fisherhaven Franskraalstrand Gansbaai Genadendal Grabouw Greyton Hawston Hermanus Hotagterklip Infanta Kleinbaai Kleinmond L'Agulhas Napier Onrusrivier Pearly Beach Pringle Bay Riviersonderend Rooi-Els Stanford Struisbaai Suiderstrand Suurbraak Swellendam Van Dyksbaai Vermont Villiersdorp