Swamp

A swamp is a wetland that is forested. Many swamps occur along large rivers where they are critically dependent upon natural water level fluctuations. Other swamps occur on the shores of large lakes. Some swamps have hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodic inundation. The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp forests and "transitional" or shrub swamps. In the boreal regions of Canada, the word swamp is colloquially used for what is more correctly termed a bog or muskeg. The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water or seawater. Some of the world's largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon, the Mississippi, and the Congo.

Geomorphology and hydrology

Swamps are characterized by slow-moving to stagnant waters. They are usually associated with adjacent rivers or lakes. Swamps are features of areas with very low topographic relief.

Draining

Swampland (physics)

This article is about the concept of a swampland in string theory. For the type of wetland see swamp.

In physics, the term swampland is used in contrast to the term "landscape" to indicate physical theories or aspects of such theories which could be true if gravity were not an issue, but which are not compatible with string theory. Recent developments in string theory suggest that the string theory landscape of vacua is vast.

It is reasonable to consider whether this landscape is as colossal in size as the scale proposed by certain field theories. Some authors (like Cumrun Vafa) suggest that this is not the case, and that the landscape is surrounded by an even more vast swampland of consistent-looking semiclassical effective field theories, which are actually inconsistent. Some proposed swampland criteria are: