Activator

Activator may refer to:

Enzyme activator

Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity. They are the opposite of enzyme inhibitors. These molecules are often involved in the allosteric regulation of enzymes in the control of metabolism. An example of an enzyme activator working in this way is fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, which activates phosphofructokinase 1 and increases the rate of glycolysis in response to the hormone insulin.

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References

Activator (phosphor)

In phosphors and scintillators, the activator is the element added as dopant to the crystal of the material to create desired type of nonhomogeneities.

In luminescence, only a small fraction of atoms, called emission centers or luminescence centers, emit light. In inorganic phosphors, these inhomogeneities in the crystal structure are created usually by addition of a trace amount of dopants, impurities called activators. (In rare cases dislocations or other crystal defects can play the role of the impurity.) The wavelength emitted by the emission center is dependent on the atom itself, its electronic configuration, and on the surrounding crystal structure.

The activators prolong the emission time (afterglow). In turn, other materials (such as nickel) can be used to quench the afterglow and shorten the decay part of the phosphor emission characteristics.

The electronic configuration of the activator depends on its oxidation state and is crucial for the light emission. Oxidation of the activator is one of the common mechanisms of phosphor degradation. The distribution of the activator in the crystal is also of high importance. Diffusion of the ions can cause depletion of the crystal from the activators with resulting loss of efficiency. This is another mechanism of phosphor degradation.

Survive

Survive is the verb form of survival, and may also refer to:

See also

Escape from Atlantis

Escape from Atlantis is a board game that portrays the sinking of Atlantis and the attempts by the population to escape the sinking island. It was originally released in the USA under the title of Survive! and first published in the English language by Parker Brothers in 1982. Survive! was also marketed in Canada, Italy, Spain, and in many other countries.

In 1986, Waddingtons launched their three-dimensional version Escape from Atlantis in the UK with revised rules. Waddingtons also sold a bilingual (English/French) version of Escape from Atlantis in Canada. The game was sublicensed in 1987 and sold in Australia and New Zealand. Waddingtons also sublicensed Escape from Atlantis in Europe to Schmidt Spiele of Germany. The game sold in Europe in many languages including Finnish, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, French and German.

In 1996 Hasbro relaunched Escape from Atlantis in Europe under the Waddington's brand. This version of the game had rules which were further revised. The game was invented by Julian Courtland-Smith. Early copies of Escape from Atlantis include the name of the then co-copyright owner, C. Courtland-Smith.

Survive! (film)

Survive! (Spanish: Supervivientes de los Andes - Andes Survivors) is a 1976 Mexican thriller film directed by René Cardona Jr.. The film released on January 15, 1976 in Mexico and is based on the 1973 book Survive! by Clay Blair, which is based on the 1972 Andes flight disaster.

Synopsis

A Uruguayan rugby team crashes in the Andes Mountains and has to survive the extremely cold temperatures and rough climate. As some of the people die, the survivors are forced to make a terrible decision between starvation and cannibalism.

Cast

Reception

The New York Times gave a negative review for Survive!, calling it "an irksomely dubbed film of rudimentary exposition with a sometimes tinny musical accompaniment".Roger Ebert gave the film zero stars, saying, "In most movies featuring a lot of blood and cuts and close-ups of festering wounds and all that, the typical audience laughs to break the tension (horror movies almost always play as comedies). With Survive! though, the audience tends to be a little more sober, a little more thoughtful. Maybe that's because we realize that underlying this rather dumb, uninspired, even crude film is a true story of such compelling power that we're forced to think and respond."