Surgical stress

Surgical stress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as well as immunological and haematological changes. Measurement of surgical stress is used in anaesthesia, physiology and surgery.

Analysis of the surgical stress response can be used for evaluation of surgical techniques and comparisons of different anaesthetic protocols. Moreover they can be performed both in the intraoperative or postoperative period. If there is a choice between different techniques for a surgical procedure, one method to evaluate and compare the surgical techniques is to subject one group of patients to one technique, and the other group of patients to another technique, after which the surgical stress response triggered by the procedure is compared. The technique with the least surgical stress response is considered the best for the patient.

Similarly, a group of patients can be subjected to a surgical procedure where one anaesthetic protocol is used, and another group of patients are subjected to the same surgical procedure but with a different anaesthetic protocol. The anaesthetic protocol that yields the least stress response is considered the most suitable for that surgical procedure.

Stress

Stress may refer to:

Sciences

Art, entertainment, and media

Games

Music

Groups

Albums

Songs

Stress (song)

"Stress" was the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1968, performed in Norwegian by Odd Børre.

The song is a moderately up-tempo number, with Børre seemingly conducting a conversation with a friend or colleague, while trying to excuse himself to catch "the last bus home". He finds this to be a stressful situation, and sings that in the future he hopes to have more time.

The song was performed thirteenth on the night, following the United Kingdom's Cliff Richard with "Congratulations" and preceding Ireland's Pat McGeegan with "Chance of a Lifetime". At the close of voting, it had received 2 points, placing 13th in a field of 17.

Despite the comparative lack of success, the song has become something of a cult classic among fans of the Contest. An excerpt of Børre's performance, featuring the distinctive stammering delivery of the verses, was played during one of the collections at the Congratulations special in late 2005. Additionally, Australian Eurovision commentator Des Mangan derives humour from the unlikely title, the (to English-speaking ears) unusual name of the singer (generally pronounced "Odd Bore" in English) and also from the distinctive delivery.

Stress (psychological)

In psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Small amounts of stress may be desired, beneficial, and even healthy. Positive stress helps improve athletic performance. It also plays a factor in motivation, adaptation, and reaction to the environment. Excessive amounts of stress, however, may lead to bodily harm. Stress can increase the risk of strokes, heart attacks, ulcers, and mental disorders such as depression.

Stress can be external and related to the environment, but may also be created by internal perceptions that cause an individual to experience anxiety or other negative emotions surrounding a situation, such as pressure, discomfort, etc., which they then deem stressful.

Humans experience stress, or perceive things as threatening, when they do not believe that their resources for coping with obstacles (stimuli, people, situations, etc.) are enough for what the circumstances demand. When we think the demands being placed on us exceed our ability to cope, we then perceive stress.