The fragment antigen-binding (Fab fragment) is a region on an antibody that binds to antigens. It is composed of one constant and one variable domain of each of the heavy and the light chain. These domains shape the paratope — the antigen-binding site — at the amino terminal end of the monomer. The two variable domains bind the epitope on their specific antigens.
In an experimental setting, Fc and Fab fragments can be generated in the laboratory. The enzyme papain can be used to cleave an immunoglobulin monomer into two Fab fragments and an Fc fragment. The enzyme pepsin cleaves below hinge region, so a F(ab')2 fragment and a pFc' fragment is formed. Recently another enzyme for generation of F(ab')2 has been commercially available. The enzyme IdeS (Immunoglobulin degrading enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes, trade name FabRICATOR) cleaves IgG in a sequence specific manner at neutral pH. The F(ab')2 fragment can be split into two Fab' fragments by mild reduction.[1]
The variable regions of the heavy and light chains can be fused together to form a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), which is only half the size of the Fab fragment, yet retains the original specificity of the parent immunoglobulin.[2]
See also [link]
References [link]
- ^ Larsson, Lars-Inge (September 1988). Immunocytochemistry: Theory and practice. Crc Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-8493-6078-1. https://books.google.at/books?id=-1zBtdvB4IMC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=antibody+pFc%27+fragment&source=bl&ots=5hl94oyXmu&sig=4fCvPUt1hbwq-91KJDWAYLzhajE&hl=de&ei=58BIS6ifD8SI_AbNh8yhAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=antibody%20pFc%27%20fragment&f=false.
- ^ Janeway, CA, Jr.; et al. (2001). Immunobiology (5th ed.). Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-3642-X. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=imm.TOC&depth=10.
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Fab (website)
Fab is an e-commerce company founded in 2010. Once estimated at a worth of over 1 billion dollars, in November 2014, the company was rumored to be in talks to sell for 15 million. In March 2015, PCH International acquired Fab for an undisclosed sum.
It grew from 175,000 members in June 2011, to over 10 million as of December 2012. As of April 30, 2013, Fab has disclosed that it receives 6 million unique visitors per month and have sold over 7 million products since launch. Fab is headquartered in Manhattan and operates a warehouse in Keasbey, New Jersey. The company has office locations in NYC, Pune (India), and Berlin.
History
Fab was founded in February 2010 by Jason Goldberg (entrepreneur) (formerly of XING AG and Jobster) and chief designer Bradford Shellhammer. The site was originally created as a social network for gay men and their friends before pivoting on June 9, 2011 into its model of daily design inspirations and sales. In November 2011, five months after re-launching, Fab reached 1 million members. The company reached this number faster than Facebook, Twitter and Groupon. In September 2012, Fab removed the membership requirements to browse the site. In December 2012, Fab passed 10 million members, up from 7.5 million members in September. Fab also announced it had sold more than 4.3 million products since its launch, averaging 5.4 products sold per minute. In July 2013, fab eliminated 100 positions at its Berlin office as a profit-building measure. Fab laid off 101 more staff, primarily at its New York office in October 2013, further reducing their workforce by 19 percent.
Fab Five
Fab Five may refer to:
- The Fab Five (film), a 2011 documentary on the above group
See also
Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When it is blocked by the clouds or reflects off other objects, it is experienced as diffused light. The World Meteorological Organization uses the term "sunshine duration" to mean the cumulative time during which an area receives direct irradiance from the Sun of at least 120 watts per square meter.
The ultraviolet radiation in sunlight has both positive and negative health effects, as it is both a principal source of vitamin D3 and a mutagen.
Summary
Researchers may record sunlight using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer, or pyrheliometer.
Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach Earth from the surface of the Sun. A photon starting at the centre of the Sun and changing direction every time it encounters a charged particle would take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to get to the surface.
Sunshine (The Archies album)
Sunshine is the fourth studio album released by The Archies, a fictional bubblegum pop band of The Archie Show and the Archie Comics universe. The album includes 12 tracks and was issued on Kirshner Records. It was produced by Jeff Barry. The album features the single "Sunshine". The song peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. The album peaked at number 137 on the Billboard Top LPs chart.
Track listing
Charts
References
Sunshine (Jonathan Edwards song)
"Sunshine" is a country folk song from 1971 by Jonathan Edwards, released as the first single from his debut album Jonathan Edwards. The single reached Billboard #4 and earned a gold record.
"Sunshine" was not originally planned for release, but when an engineer accidentally erased the master of a track called "Please Find Me" near the end of sessions for the album, "Sunshine" was used to fill the hole.
The song was released as a single and first gained popularity on Boston radio, then nationwide, hitting #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on January 15, 1972 and earning a gold record. Here's Edwards' take on its success: "It was just at the time of the Vietnam War and Nixon. It was looking bad out there. That song meant a lot to a lot of people during that time--especially me."
Chart positions
Covers
In 1980, Juice Newton scored a Top-40 hit, peaking at #35 on the Billboard Country chart with her version of "Sunshine".
