Psi

Psi or PSI or Ψ may refer to:

Alphabetic letters

In arts and entertainment

In comics

In film and television

In music

Other uses in arts and entertainment

Parapsychology

Parapsychology is a field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena which include telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, apparitional experiences, and other paranormal claims. It is often identified as pseudoscience.

Parapsychology research is largely conducted by private institutions in several countries and funded through private donations, and the subject rarely appears in mainstream science journals. Most papers about parapsychology are published in a small number of niche journals. Parapsychology has been criticised for continuing investigation despite being unable to provide convincing evidence for the existence of any psychic phenomena after more than a century of research.

Terminology

Para is from Greek, and means "beside, closely related to, beyond..." The term parapsychology was coined in or around 1889 by the philosopher Max Dessoir. It was adopted by J.B. Rhine in the 1930s as a replacement for the term psychical research in order to indicate a significant shift toward experimental methodology and academic discipline. The term originates from the Greek: παρά para meaning "alongside", and psychology.

Psi (Cyrillic)

Psi (Ѱ, ѱ) is a letter in the early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter psi (Ψ, ψ). It represents the sound /ps/, as in English naps. According to the school rules developed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, such as Meletius Smotrytsky's grammar book, it was intended for use in words loaned from Greek—but it was occasionally used for writing native words, for example Ukrainian ѱы (psy, “dogs”). It was used especially in words relating to the Church, as can be seen in its continuing use in Church Slavonic.

Psi was eliminated from the Russian orthography along with ksi, omega, and yus in the Civil Script of 1708 (Peter the Great's Grazhdanka), and has also been dropped from other secular languages. It continues to be used in Church Slavonic.

Computing codes

See also

Psi (disambiguation), for other meanings.

Notes

References

Substance

Substance may refer to:

Music

See also

Substance (Joy Division album)

Substance is a singles compilation album by the post-punk band Joy Division, released on Factory Records in 1988. It is the companion to a similar singles compilation by their subsequent band New Order, also entitled Substance. It peaked at #7 in the UK album chart and #146 on the Billboard 200, the band's only chart appearance in the United States. It also reached #15 in New Zealand and #53 in Australia in August 1988.

Content

Substance compiles the four singles released by the band that did not appear on albums - "Transmission", "Komakino", "Love Will Tear Us Apart", and "Atmosphere" - as well as their B-sides. It also collects tracks released on extended play singles, the band's first release An Ideal for Living, and two samplers issued by Factory Records, A Factory Sample and Earcom 2: Contradiction. The single "Atmosphere" had been originally issued in France as "Licht und Blindheit" with "Dead Souls" on the B-side. Following the death of Ian Curtis, it was reissued as a posthumous B-side of the "She's Lost Control" single in an alternate version from the track that had previously appeared on Unknown Pleasures. The vinyl version omits the single "Komakino" and does not include the complete titles from the extended plays. Later CD pressings issued by London Records contain a previously unreleased mix of "She's Lost Control" that is slightly different from the original single release. More guitar is featured within the song, the synthesizer melody is shortened and starts at a later point, and the ending of the song is extended by 15 seconds and doesn't fade out.

Substance (Blank & Jones album)

Substance is the fourth studio album by Trance duo Blank & Jones. It was released in 2002.

Track listing