Record label

A record label is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Often, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists ("artists and repertoire" or "A&R"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term "record label" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.

Music industry

Within the music industry, most recording artists have become increasingly reliant upon record labels to broaden their consumer base, market their albums, and be both promoted and heard on MP3, radio, and television, with publicists that assist performers in positive media reports to market their merchandise, and make it available via stores and other media outlets. The Internet has increasingly been a way that some artists avoid costs and gain new audiences, as well as the use of videos in some cases, to sell their products.

Label

A label (as distinct from signage) is a piece of paper, polymer, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or product, on which is written or printed information about the product. Information printed directly on a container or article can also be considered labeling.

Labels have many uses, including providing information on a product's origin, use, shelf-life and disposal, some or all of which may be governed by legislation such as that for food in the UK or USA. Methods of production and attachment to packaging are many and various and may also be subject to internationally recognised standards.

Uses

Labels may be used for any combination of identification, information, warning, instructions for use, environmental advice or advertising. They may be stickers, permanent or temporary labels or printed packaging.

Products

Permanent product identification by a label is commonplace; labels need to remain secure throughout the life of the product. For example, a VIN plate on an automobile must be resistant to heat, oils and tampering; similarly, a food label must endure until the food has been used.

Labeling theory

Labeling theory is the theory of how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. The theory was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have developed and are still currently popular. A stigma is defined as a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and social identity.

Labeling theory is closely related to social-construction and symbolic-interaction analysis. Labeling theory was developed by sociologists during the 1960s. Howard Saul Becker's book Outsiders was extremely influential in the development of this theory and its rise to popularity.

Theoretical basis

Label (sociology)

In sociology, the word labelling is used more as a metaphor, than a concrete concept. The general function of labels are widely known and recognized as a method of distinction that helps people recognize one product from another. In social terms, labels represent a way of differentiating and identifying people that is considered by many as a form of prejudice and discrimination.

The most common method of 'labeling' people derives from a general way of perceiving members of a certain nationality, religion, ethnicity, gender, or some other group. When a majority of people hold a certain point of view towards a certain group, that point of view becomes a stereotype. That stereotype affects the way other people perceive the groups in question and the result is a 'label' that is metaphorically imposed on the members of the group in question. A member of a targeted group is thus 'labeled' by the larger society, and along with it, the nuances underlying the label, be it positive or negative, that aids in the formation of social stereotypes.

Sub

Sub may refer to:

SUB:

See also

Sub (album)

Sub is the debut album by Swiss industrial metal band Apollyon Sun, released in 2000 on Mayan Records.

Work on a full album, Sub began at London's Trident Studios in 1998, with renowned producer Roli Mosimann (Björk, Marilyn Manson, Faith No More). Further recording and mixing sessions took place at Manhattan's EastSide Sound, London's Nomis Studios, and at various studio locations in Switzerland. Sub features prominent final mixes by Mosimann, John Fryer (HIM, Nine Inch Nails), and Apollyon Sun themselves. Sub was released globally through Mayan Records in late summer 2000, after two years of studio work.

"Human III" continues from a song developed by Tom Gabriel Fischer, following on from "Human (Intro)" from Celtic Frost's Morbid Tales and "Human II" from Celtic Frost's Cold Lake. "Messiah (Second Coming)" is a remake of the Hellhammer song Messiah. Hellhammer being one of Tom Gabriel Fischer's former bands. "Reefer Boy" and "Concrete Satan" both appeared on the God Leaves (And Dies) EP, however they have been completely re-recorded for Sub. There are several unreleased songs from these sessions including "Cradle", a re-recorded version of “God Leaves” and two further instrumentals.

Sub (TV channel)

Sub (formerly TVTV! and Subtv) is a Finnish TV channel owned by Bonnier. The previous owner Alma Media sold Sub and its sister channels (MTV3, MTV Max, AVA Radio Nova and Sävelradio) to Swedish Bonnier and Proventus in 2005.

Programs and audience

Sub is an entertainment channel directed at teens and young adults. Programs are mostly imported and of U.S. origin. Sub also shows reruns of popular and cult TV shows. Recently, the share of domestic programming has grown remarkably.

The channel's highest viewership of all time was attracted in 2009, when the finale of Big Brother 2009 was aired.

Programming

Subteksti

Subteksti was Sub's teletext service. It was contains music news, TV schedules and interactive services like chats and mobile phone games and services.

References

External links