St Austell

Coordinates: 50°20′17″N 4°47′42″W / 50.338°N 4.795°W / 50.338; -4.795

St Austell (/sᵻnt ˈɔːstəl/; Cornish: S. Austel) is a civil parish and major town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is situated on the south coast, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Bodmin and 30 miles (48 km) west of the border with Devon.

St Austell is one of the largest towns in Cornwall; in the 2011 Census, St Austell civil parish had a population of 19,958, with a total of 34,700 living in the wider area comprising several other civil parishes.

History

One of the earliest references to St Austell is in John Leland's Itinerary, where he says "At S. Austelles is nothing notable but the paroch chirch".

Not long after William Cookworthy discovered china clay at Tregonning hill in west Cornwall, the same mineral was found in greater quantity in Hensbarrow downs north of St Austell.Clay mining soon took over from tin and copper mining as the principal industry in the area, and this eventually contributed enormously to the growth of the town. The clay industry really only came into its own during the mid 19th to early 20th century, at a time when the falling prices of tin and other metals forced many mines to close down or convert to clay mining. The success and high profitability of the industry attracted many families whose breadwinner had been put out of work by the depression in the local metal mining industry, and increased the population of the town considerably. This meant that more shops and businesses took root, providing more jobs and improving trade. This, along with other factors, led to St Austell becoming one of the ten most important commercial centres of Cornwall.

St Austell (UK Parliament constituency)

St Austell was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of St Austell in Cornwall. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election

Boundaries

The Sessional Divisions of Powder East and South, and Ryder, and the civil parishes of Ladock and St Blazey.

Members of Parliament

References

St Austell River

The St Austell River (Cornish: Dowr an Wynyk, meaning the little white river) properly known as the River Vinnick, but historically called The White River, is a 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) long river located in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. 50°20′13″N 4°47′35″W / 50.337°N 4.793°W / 50.337; -4.793Coordinates: 50°20′13″N 4°47′35″W / 50.337°N 4.793°W / 50.337; -4.793. The river has also been known as the "red river" due to tin streaming and mining activity upstream.

The river drains the central southern section of the St Austell Moorland, the second largest granite mass in Cornwall, an upland formed in the Variscan orogeny, to the north of St Austell. The highest natural point of the moorland is Hensbarrow Beacon at 312 metres (1,024 ft); however modern china clay mining waste tips now rise above it.