St Andrew Holborn (parish)

St Andrew Holborn was an ancient English parish that until 1767 was partly within the City of London and partly in the county of Middlesex.

History

In 1723 part of the Middlesex section of the parish became St George the Martyr. This was recombined with the remaining Middlesex portion of St Andrew Holborn in 1767 to create St Andrew Holborn Above the Bars with St George the Martyr. The remaining parish in the City of London was also known as St Andrew Holborn Below the Bars. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1907.

Geography

The ancient parish included most of the Holborn area to the west, bordering onto St Giles in the Fields. As such it included both Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn which rented pews in the church of St Andrew, Holborn. Thavie's original property, which was left for his endowment of the church, Thavie's Inn became a lawyers inn and may have been the original home of Lincoln's Inn before it relocated to its present site. Lincoln's sold Thavies Inn for redevelopment in 1785.

St Andrew Holborn (church)

St Andrew, Holborn, is a Church of England church on the northwestern edge of the City of London, on Holborn within the Ward of Farringdon Without.

History

Roman and medieval

Roman pottery was found on the site during 2001/02 excavations in the crypt. However, the first written record of the church itself is dated as 951 (DCCCCLI) in a charter of Westminster Abbey, referring to it as the "old wooden church", on top of the hill above the river Fleet. The Charter's authenticity has been called into question because the date is not within the reign of the King Edgar of England who is granting it. It may be that this is simply a scribal error and that the date should be '959' (DCCCCLIX). A 'Master Gladwin', i.e. a priest, held it after the Norman Conquest and he assigned it to St Paul's Cathedral, but with the proviso that the advowson be granted at 12 pence a year to the Cluniac Order's, St Saviour's foundation of what was to become Bermondsey Abbey. This assignment dates between 1086 and 1089. In about 1200 a deed was witnessed by James, the Parson, Roger, his chaplain, Andrew, the Deacon and also Alexander his clerk. In 1280 one Simon de Gardino bequeathed funds towards the building of a belfry, it is assumed this would be stone and that there were due to be bells to be cast for it.

Andrew the Apostle

Andrew the Apostle (Greek: Ἀνδρέας, Andreas; from the early 1st century – mid to late 1st century AD), also known as Saint Andrew and called in the Orthodox tradition Prōtoklētos (Πρωτόκλητος) or the First-called, was a Christian Apostle and the elder brother of Saint Peter.

The name "Andrew" (Greek: manly, brave, from ἀνδρεία, Andreia, "manhood, valour"), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews, Christians, and other Hellenized people of the region. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. According to Orthodox tradition, the apostolic successor to Saint Andrew is Patriarch Bartholomew I.

Life

The New Testament states that Andrew was the brother of Simon Peter, by which it is inferred that he was likewise a son of John, or Jonah. He was born in the village of Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee. Both he and his brother Peter were fishermen by trade, hence the tradition that Jesus called them to be his disciples by saying that he will make them "fishers of men" (Greek: ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων, halieĩs anthrōpōn). At the beginning of Jesus' public life, they were said to have occupied the same house at Capernaum.

St. Andrew (provincial electoral district)

St. Andrew was a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was established to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and then Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs) to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

It was located in downtown Toronto, and was made up of the area to the east of Bathurst Street and west of Yonge Street, including Spadina Avenue and Kensington Market. The population of St. Andrew was largely immigrant, working class and Jewish. For many years it was one of the few electoral districts in North America to elect a Communist. J.B. Salsberg of the Labor-Progressive Party represented the riding from the 1943 election until his defeat in the 1955 election.

The riding was created in 1926, and existed until the 1967, when redistribution resulted in St. Andrew being merged with a neighbouring riding to form St. Andrew—St. Patrick.

St. Andrew riding took its name from the former "St. Andrew's ward" of the City of Toronto.

St Andrew (disambiguation)

Saint Andrew commonly refers to Andrew the Apostle, the Christian apostle and brother of Peter, or one of several saints named Andrew. St Andrew or St Andrews (Latin: San[c]tus Andrea) may also refer to:

Places

Asia

Europe

Holborn

Coordinates: 51°31′02″N 0°07′06″W / 51.5172°N 0.1182°W / 51.5172; -0.1182

Holborn (/ˈhoʊbərn/ HOH-bə(r)n) is an area of central London.

History

Toponymy

The area's first mention is in a charter of Westminster Abbey, by King Edgar, dated to 959. This mentions "the old wooden church of St Andrew" (St Andrew, Holborn). The name Holborn may be derived from the Middle English "hol" for hollow, and bourne, a brook, referring to the River Fleet as it ran through a steep valley to the east. Historical cartographer William Shepherd in his Plan of London about 1300 labels the Fleet as "Hole Bourn" where it passes to the east of St Andrew's church. However, the 16th century historian John Stow attributes the name to the Old Bourne ("old brook"), a small stream which he believed ran into the Fleet at Holborn Bridge, a structure lost when the river was culverted in 1732. The exact course of the stream is uncertain, but according to Stow it started in one of the many small springs near Holborn Bar, the old City toll gate on the summit of Holborn Hill. This is supported by a map of London and Westminster created during the reign of Henry VIII that clearly marks the street as 'Oldbourne' and 'High Oldbourne'. Other historians, however, find the theory implausible, in view of the slope of the land.

Holborn District (Metropolis)

Holborn was a local government district in the metropolitan area of London to the north west of the City of London from 1855 to 1900.

The district was formed by the Metropolis Management Act 1855 from the following Middlesex civil parishes and places:

District board

The district was governed by the Holborn District Board of Works, which consisted of forty-nine elected vestrymen: twenty-four elected for the parish of St Andrew Holborn above Bars; nine for St George the Martyr; nine for Saffron Hill, Hatton Garden, Ely Rents, and Ely Place; six for St Sepulchre and one for Glasshouse Yard. The first elections were held in November 1855, when the entire membership of the board was elected. Thereafter elections for one third of the seats were held in May, beginning in the year 1857.

Holborn District was originally within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and nominated one member to the MBW. In 1889 the area of the Metropolitan Board became the County of London, and Holborn District Board of Works became a local council under the London County Council.