Sonar decoy

A sonar decoy is a device for decoying sonar. Most are released from submarines to act as a false target.

Submarine decoys

The first submarine decoys were the German Bold fitted to U-boats of WWII. These were a pellet of calcium hydride in a simple metal container. On contact with sea water, the calcium hydride decomposed to produce a trail of hydrogen gas bubbles that acted as a bubble curtain and reflected ASDIC impulses to produce a false target. The container trapped hydrogen and floated, with a crude spring valve to maintain buoyancy to keep it at a constant depth.

Later decoys, such as Sieglinde, were motorised and could deploy their false target away from the host submarine, increasing safety.

Torpedo decoys

Decoys were also used by surface ships to decoy the developing acoustic torpedoes. These were usually towed behind the host.

Example decoys

Bubble decoys

Reflective bubble targets

Hammer and explosive decoys

These were intended to swamp the listening device with noise

Fluridone

Fluridone is an aquatic herbicide often used to control invasive plants. It is sold under the names Sonar, Avast! and Whitecap and is used in the United States to control hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil among other species. It is a systemic herbicide that works by interfering with carotene formation which leads to chlorophyll degradation. Fluridone is sold as a liquid and as a slow release solid because the herbicide level must be maintained for several weeks.

The chemical was first reported as a possible herbicide for cotton fields in 1976. It was registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1986 and has low toxicity to animals with no restrictions on swimming or drinking in treated water bodies. Fluridone breaks downs in the environment over days or weeks with the major degradation product being N-methyl formamide. The half-life of fluridone in soils and sediments is nine months.

Pharmaceutical

Fluridone's main action to disrupt photosynthesis in plants is by preventing the secretion of abscisic acid. As higher Eukaryotes, such as humans, also rely on an abscisic acid pathway to create inflammation in normal physiological processes, fluridone can be used as an anti-inflammatory drug for humans.

Sonar (disambiguation)

Sonar or SONAR often refers to a technique that uses sound propagation under water.

Sonar may also refer to:

Animals

People

Geography

Art, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters

Films and literature

Music

Computing

Sonar (keelboat)

The Sonar is a 7 m (23 ft) one-design keelboat for three to five people. It is bermuda-rigged, with a large mainsail and a 100% jib. The class is recognised by the International Sailing Federation.

The Sonar showcased disabled sailing at the 1996 Paralympic where the sport was a demonstration event with just the Sonar. Sailing and the Sonar as the equipment for the three person keelboat have been in every subsequent Paralympics. When being sailed by disabled it is crewed by 3, and sailed without a spinnaker. Instead, when running downwind a whisker pole is used to hold the jib out to windward for maximum exposed sail area. The Sonar is well suited for disabled sailing because of its large open cockpit making adaptations easy.

The Sonar was designed in 1979 by Bruce Kirby, designer of the popular Laser dinghy. Since then, over 800 boats have been built. Most of the fleet is in the USA, with smaller fleets in Britain and Canada. Since its adoption as a Paralympic class the Sonar has spread to many other countries as well.

Decoy

A decoy is usually a person, device, or event meant as a distraction, to conceal what an individual or a group might be looking for. Decoys have been used for centuries most notably in game hunting, but also in wartime and in the committing or resolving of crimes.

Duck decoy

The term duck decoy may refer to two distinct devices, both used for hunting wildfowl. One is a long cone-shaped wickerwork tunnel installed on a small pond to catch wild ducks. After the ducks settled on the pond, a small, trained dog would herd the birds into the tunnel. The catch was formerly sent to market for food, but now these are only used to catch ducks to be ringed and released: see ornithology. The word decoy, also originally found in English as "coy", derives from the Dutch de kooi (the cage) and dates back to the early 17th century, when this type of duck trap was introduced to England from the Netherlands. As "decoy" came more commonly to signify a person or a device than a pond with a cage-trap, the latter acquired the retronym "decoy pool".

Decoy (1946 film)

Decoy is a 1946 American film noir. Directed by Jack Bernhard, the film stars Jean Gillie, Edward Norris, Robert Armstrong, Herbert Rudley, and Sheldon Leonard. The film was produced by Jack Bernhard and Bernard Brandt as a Jack Bernhard Production, with a screenplay by Ned Young, based on an original story by Stanley Rubin

Decoy is a showcase of how film noir can do so much with so little. Short-lived Jean Gillie stars as one of the film genre's toughest femme fatales. Gillie was married to Bernhard when this film was made.

Plot

The story picks up in Margot Shelby's apartment, as she is dying from a gunshot wound. Police detective Joe Portugal arrives at the scene to hear her last moments and possible confession. Margot recounts all the events that lead to Dr. Lloyd Craig shooting her shortly after arriving at her apartment. Via flash-back, we travel back to the beginning:

Margot's boyfriend was gangster Frankie Olins. Frankie robbed a bank and got away with around $400,000. He hid the money in a safe place before being arrested by the police. Since Frankie accidentally killed a guard during the robbery, he has been sentenced to death in the gas chamber. Frankie has never disclosed the location of the buried money to anyone. Margot, in order to get both Frankie out of prison and get her hands on the money, pretends to be in love with another gangster, Jim Vincent. She promises to share the stolen money with him if she can get Frankie to disclose the location. To this end, Vincent is recruited to fund Frankie's defense, and later, his possible resurrection from execution. In order to counter-act the effects of cyanide poisoning, Margot recruits the help of Dr. Lloyd Craig, the prison physician. They subsequently "steal" Frankie's body from the prison morgue.

Decoy (1995 film)

Decoy is an action film starring Peter Weller, and Robert Patrick, directed by Vittorio Rambaldi. The film was released in 1995.

Background

The film stars Peter Weller as Baxter and Robert Patrick as Travis. Others in the film included Charlotte Lewis as Katya, Darlene Vogel as Diana, Peter Breck as Wellington, Scott Hylands as Jenner and Vladimir Kulich as Daniel.

With an estimated budget of $4,000,000, the filming dates ranged between July 19, 1994 and August 17, 1994. The film's video premiere was in late 1995 for both Japan and America, whilst in 1996, the film premiered in the UK and Australia.

The film was filmed around La Ronge and Regina, both in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Today, the film remains out-of-print on VHS, where it was released in both America and the UK. An official Polish import DVD was released at a later date.

The film's two taglines read "In a world of deception and betrayal, who is the target and who is the decoy?" and "Death is their business."

Plot

When a rival businessman Jenner threatens his daughter Diana, tycoon John Wellington hires Secret Serviceman Jack Travis to protect her. In turn, Travis hires the eccentric mercenary Baxter, also a former SS agent, to assist. So, Travis and Baxter are hired to protect his daughter.It all seems simple enough at the beginning, but shortly after the bodyguards meet Diana they quickly find themselves in an increasingly complex and deadly situation in which almost no one is exactly who she or he seems to be.