Sole (fish)

Sole is a fish belonging to several families. Generally speaking, they are members of the family Soleidae, but, outside Europe, the name sole is also applied to various other similar flatfish, especially other members of the sole suborder Soleoidei as well as members of the flounder family. In European cookery, there are several species which may be considered true soles, but the common or Dover sole Solea solea, often simply called the sole, is the most esteemed and most widely available.

Etymology of the word

The word sole in English, French and Italian comes from its resemblance to a sandal, Latin solea. In other languages, it is named for the tongue, e.g. German Seezunge, Dutch zeetong or tong, Hungarian nyelvhal, Spanish lenguado, Turkish dil.

A partial list of common names for species referred to as sole include:

Jasper Fish

Jasper Fish (buried 28 July 1791 at Sevenoaks, Kent) was a noted professional cricketer in the 18th century who was chiefly associated with Kent in the 1760s and 1770s.

Most of his career took place before cricket's statistical record began with regular scorecards in 1772 and he is recorded in only three major cricket matches in 1769, 1773 and 1777.

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External sources

Fish anatomy

Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in the living fish.

The anatomy of fish is often shaped by the physical characteristics of water, the medium in which fish live. Water is much denser than air, holds a relatively small amount of dissolved oxygen, and absorbs more light than air does. The body of a fish is divided into a head, trunk and tail, although the divisions between the three are not always externally visible. The skeleton, which forms the support structure inside the fish, is either made of cartilage, in cartilaginous fish, or bone in bony fish. The main skeletal element is the vertebral column, composed of articulating vertebrae which are lightweight yet strong. The ribs attach to the spine and there are no limbs or limb girdles. The main external features of the fish, the fins, are composed of either bony or soft spines called rays, which with the exception of the caudal fins, have no direct connection with the spine. They are supported by the muscles which compose the main part of the trunk. The heart has two chambers and pumps the blood through the respiratory surfaces of the gills and on round the body in a single circulatory loop. The eyes are adapted for seeing underwater and have only local vision. There is an inner ear but no external or middle ear. Low frequency vibrations are detected by the lateral line system of sense organs that run along the length of the sides of fish, and these respond to nearby movements and to changes in water pressure.

Fish physiology

Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the later dealing with how those components function together in the living fish.

Respiration

Most fish exchange gases using gills on either side of the pharynx (throat). Gills are tissues which consist of threadlike structures called filaments. These filaments have many functions and "are involved in ion and water transfer as well as oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid and ammonia exchange. Each filament contains a capillary network that provides a large surface area for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. In some fish, capillary blood flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing countercurrent exchange. The gills push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx.

Sole

Sole may refer to:

Business

Fish

People

Solé (surname)

Solé is a French and Spanish surname.

See also

Solé

Tonya M. Lumpkin (born Tonya M. Johnston; July 17, 1973) is an American rapper from Kansas City, Missouri, better known by her stage name, Solé.

Biography

Solé was born in 1973 in Kansas City, Missouri to Phyllis Frazier and James Johnston, . Her siblings are Sean and Charlie (Chuck) Johnston, Sierra and Tamika Gamble.

Solé is of Native American (Choctaw), African-American, and European descent. Solé has also stated that she also has family in General Acha, Argentina. She held various jobs, including working for AT&T and as a spa coordinator for a salon. She also attended cosmetology school; and attempted college where she studied Political Science and Psychology.

Personal

Solé has daughters De'jan Nicole (born March 7, 1992) and Cypress Soleil Lee (born January 9, 1995) from a previous relationship. Solé met Ginuwine in June 1999 and began dating in October 1999. The two became engaged in August 2000. Solè married Ginuwine on September 8, 2003 in Grand Cayman. They now reside in Brandywine, Maryland. They have two daughters together: Story Asaundra (born March 29, 2001) and Dream Sarae Lumpkin (born November 1, 2002). He has a son Elgin, Jr. (born January 30, 1992) from a previous relationship, as well as three other children by three different women. In February 2009, Ginuwine announced he has eight children.