Consolation

Consolation, consolement, and solace are terms referring to psychological comfort given to someone who has suffered severe, upsetting loss, such as the death of a loved one. It is typically provided by expressing shared regret for that loss and highlighting the hope for positive events in the future. Consolation is an important topic arising in history, the arts, philosophy, and psychology.

In the field of medicine, consolation has been broadly described as follows:

In some contexts, particularly in religious terminology, consolation is described as the opposite or counterpart to the experience of "desolation", or complete loss.

History

The desire to console others is an expression of empathy, and appears to be instinctual in primates. Dutch primatologist Frans de Waal has observed acts of consolation occurring among non-human primates such as chimpanzees. The formal concept of consolation as a social practice has existed since ancient times. For example, as an examination of letters from ancient Rome indicates of that culture:

Dark Sky Island

Dark Sky Island is the eighth studio album from the Irish musician Enya, released on 20 November 2015 on Aigle Music. Following the release of And Winter Came... (2008), Enya took an extended break from writing and recording. She returned to the studio in 2012 to record Dark Sky Island with her long-time lyricist Roma Ryan and producer Nicky Ryan. Enya performs all the vocals and instruments on the album, apart from Eddie Lee who plays the double bass on "Even in the Shadows".

Dark Sky Island received a mostly positive reception from critics and was a commercial success upon release. It peaked at No. 4 in the UK, Enya's highest charting album there since Shepherd Moons (1991), No. 8 in the US, and within the top ten in fourteen countries worldwide, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and New Zealand, among others major music markets. A Deluxe Edition includes three extra tracks, and an LP edition was released on 18 December 2015; Enya's first LP since the 1992 reissue of her debut album, Enya (1987).

Solace (Xavier Rudd album)

Solace is the second album from Australian roots musician Xavier Rudd, released in Australia on 28 March 2004 and which debuted in the top twenty of the ARIA album chart on 5 April 2004. It is his first record distributed by a major label with distribution by Universal Music Australia. Solace's success earned Rudd two ARIA Music Awards nominations for Best Breakthrough Artist (album) and Best Blues and Roots Album at the 2005 ceremony, but lost to Jet's Get Born and John Butler Trio's Sunrise Over Sea, respectively.

Conception and production

The album was recorded entirely on his own featuring his guitar, several didgeridoos, a wooden box, an array of slide and acoustic guitars and percussion instruments. It was recorded in Vancouver. His personal friend and producer, Todd Simko, helped him through the recording.

Songs

The second song, "3 Degrees" is a short track about a time where Rudd describes an event that took place in Nashville, Tennessee. The ninth song, "A Fourth World," was played by Rudd in front of live crowd and told them he didn't have a name for it yet. After the show a fan went up to him and said he thought he had a good name for the song. He said "a fourth world" because there's a third world, but "there's also a fourth world where people who don't have an existence, who are sort of trapped."

Rada

Rada is the term for "parliament" or "assembly" or some other "council" in several Slavic languages. Normally it is translated as "council". Sometimes it corresponds to "parliament", or in Soviet Union contexts, to "soviet". It also carries a meaning of advice, as in the English word "counsel".

Etymology

Old High German rāt (from Proto-Germanic *rēdaz) passed (possibly through Polish) into Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian languages.

Råd in Norwegian/Danish/Swedish and Rat in German, Raati in Finnish and Raad in Estonia/Dutch means "council" or "assembly" but also "advice", as it does in East Slavic (except Russian) and West Slavic, but not in South Slavic languages.

In Swedish the verb råda (to council) is based on the substantive råd. This is similar to Danish; "råd" (noun) and "råde" (verb).

Examples

In Belarus

Rada (surname)

Rada or de Rada (the latter of possibly Spanish origin) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

References

Rada (fiqh)

Raḍāʿ or riḍāʿa (Arabic: رضاع, رضاعة) is a technical term from Sunni Islamic jurisprudence meaning "the suckling which produces the legal impediment to marriage of foster-kinship". The term derives from the infinitive noun of the Arabic word radiʿa or radaʿa ("he sucked the breast of his mother"). Often it is translated as "fosterage" or "milk-kinship".

The concept of radāʿ derives from Islamic and pre-Islamic notions concerning the state of consanguinity created between wet nurse and unrelated nursling—that is, a woman and a baby other than her own—through the act of breastfeeding. Radāʿ also defines the links between various relations and family members of both wet nurse and baby, such that not only are the two forbidden in marriage to one another, but so are their relations in various combination (e.g. the nursling's biological brother with the milk-mother's biological daughter). Conversely, the milk-relationship allows usually forbidden familiarities between the two, particularly if the nursling is male and of adult stature, such as viewing the milk-mother unveiled or in private, exactly as if he were a relation.