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Argonaute

The Argonaute protein family plays a central role in RNA silencing processes, as essential catalytic components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). RISC complex is responsible for the gene silencing phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). Argonaute proteins bind different classes of small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to their specific targets through sequence complementarity (base pairing), which then leads to mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition.

Discovery

The RNA interference (RNAi) was first reported in 1995 by Guo and Kemphues, and similar pathways collectively referred to as RNA silencing were discovered in plants and fungi. The beginning of people’s understanding of the mechanism of RNA silencing began only in 1998 with the experiments of Fire and colleagues demonstrating that double-stranded RNA triggered RNAi. RNA silencing pathways process long RNAs into small RNAs that direct the repression of transcription or translation of nucleic acid targets with sequence corresponding to the small RNAs. These single-stranded RNAs, referred to as guide strands, are incorporated into RNA silencing effectors complexes such as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). These RNA silencing effector complexes contain Argonaute family proteins.

SMS/800

SMS/800, Inc. is a company that administers the assignment of toll-free telephone numbers in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). This company is a subcontractor and service provider for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as the Number Administration and Service Center (NASC), administering the Service Management System (SMS) Database for RespOrgs and service control points (SCPs), as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 52 Section 101 and stipulated in 800 Service Management System (SMS/800) Functions Tariff - FCC No. 1. Its implementation of this database is known as "SMS/800".

SMS/800, Inc. runs various Web interfaces over a VPN for RespOrgs to register toll-free telephone numbers and business information. SMS/800, Inc. admits and registers RespOrgs according to qualification criteria including a required exam. It provides training materials and fee-based classes in certain locations in the U.S. A $4000 deposit is required to access any of these and to obtain a VPN account. In spite of the company performing a public function, none of the training information is available to the public on its website.

Synchronous Meteorological Satellite

For the Synchronous Meteorological Satellite (SMS) program, NASA developed two weather satellites which were placed into geosynchronous orbit. SMS-1 was launched May 17, 1974 a and SMS-2 was launched February 6, 1975. Both satellites were carried to orbit by Delta 2914 rockets. The program was initiated after the successes achieved by the Applications Technology Satellite research satellites, which demonstrated the feasibility of using satellites in geosynchronous orbit for meteorology. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite program, which now supports weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, and meteorology research in the United States, followed immediately after the SMS program; the GOES 1 satellite was initially designated SMS-C. SMS-1 and -2, and GOES-1, -2, and -3 were essentially identical.

References

Signetics 8X300

The 8X300 is a microprocessor produced and marketed by Signetics starting 1976 as a second source for the SMS 300 by Scientific Micro Systems, Inc.

Although SMS developed the SMS 300 / 8X300 products, Signetics was the sole manufacturer of this product line. In 1978 Signetics purchased the rights to the SMS300 series and renamed the SMS300 to 8X300

It was designed to be a fast microcontroller and signal processor, and because of this differs considerably from conventional NMOS logic microprocessors of the time. Perhaps the major difference was that it was implemented with bipolar Schottky transistor technology, and could fetch, decode and execute an instruction in only 250 ns. Data could be input from one device, modified, and output to another device during one instruction cycle.

In 1982, Signetics released an improved and faster version, the 8X305. This processor went on to become very popular in military applications and was second-sourced by Advanced Micro Devices as the AM29X305. Eventually, production rights were sold to Lansdale Semiconductor Inc., who still offers the 8X305 to this day.