Cage

Cage may refer to:

Technology

Cage (graph theory)

In the mathematical area of graph theory, a cage is a regular graph that has as few vertices as possible for its girth.

Formally, an (r,g)-graph is defined to be a graph in which each vertex has exactly r neighbors, and in which the shortest cycle has length exactly g. It is known that an (r,g)-graph exists for any combination of r ≥ 2 and g ≥ 3. An (r,g)-cage is an (r,g)-graph with the fewest possible number of vertices, among all (r,g)-graphs.

If a Moore graph exists with degree r and girth g, it must be a cage. Moreover, the bounds on the sizes of Moore graphs generalize to cages: any cage with odd girth g must have at least

vertices, and any cage with even girth g must have at least

vertices. Any (r,g)-graph with exactly this many vertices is by definition a Moore graph and therefore automatically a cage.

There may exist multiple cages for a given combination of r and g. For instance there are three nonisomorphic (3,10)-cages, each with 70 vertices : the Balaban 10-cage, the Harries graph and the Harries–Wong graph. But there is only one (3,11)-cage : the Balaban 11-cage (with 112 vertices).

Cage (enclosure)

A cage is an enclosure made of mesh, bars or wires, used to confine, contain or protect something or someone. A cage can serve many purposes, including keeping an animal in captivity, capturing, and being used for display of an animal at a zoo.

Humans

In history, prisoners were sometimes kept in a cage. They would sometimes be chained up inside into uncomfortable positions to intensify suffering.

History

Cages have been usually been used to capture or trapping a certain life form. For this reason, they've been known as a hunting accessory, often used for poaching animals or simply seizing them.

In captivity

Cages are often used now as a source to confine animals. These provide as a habitat to the animal, and since they've advanced so greatly, they are now specially designed to fit that species of animal. Captive breeds of birds, rodents, reptiles, and even larger animals have also been known to be confined in a cage as a domesticated animal (also known as a pet). Captivity is a common purpose of the cage.

Slow (disambiguation)

Slow, SLOW or Slowness may refer to:

Music

Albums

Songs

Other uses

See also

Slow (band)

Slow is a Canadian punk rock band that started in the mid-1980s. Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the band consisted of vocalist Thomas Anselmi, guitarists Christian Thorvaldson and Ziggy Sigmund, bassist Stephen Hamm and drummer Terry Russell.

Hamm and Russell had previously been in a West Point Grey punk band called Chuck & the Fucks, playing an infamous concert at Queen Mary Elementary in the spring of 1980 where many of the teachers forced the children to leave.

They recorded and released their debut single, "I Broke the Circle", in 1985 on Zulu Records, and followed up with the EP Against the Glass in 1986. The band's style was also cited as an influence on the nascent grunge rock movement in the nearby Seattle music scene, especially on its adoption of clothing styles such as flannel shirts, ripped jeans and heavy boots.

Expo 86 show

Slow are most famous for a controversial incident which both marred the Expo 86 festivities and effectively ended the band's career, when the band were invited to play at the event's Festival of Independent Recording Artists. According to Anselmi, the band's original idea was to simply appear on stage naked, run through the crowd to a boat on False Creek and then simply disappear without playing a note; however, the band ultimately chose to put on a more typical performance. Typical, that is, for Slow – the show included Anselmi pitching two two-by-fours into the front rows' empty seats at the side of the stage, and both Anselmi and Hamm followed through on the original idea to strip. Anselmi stripped off his shirt and jeans and performed in a pair of boxers, occasionally "poking through" the front as he adjusted his underwear; at the end of the set, Hamm dropped his shorts to his knees and, with arms raised in triumph, said goodbye to the audience while naked from the waist down. Expo officials cut the power to the pavilion, ending the band's set.

Dosage (album)

Dosage is the fourth studio album by the American alternative rock band Collective Soul. The album was released on Atlantic Records in February 1999 and peaked at #21 on the Billboard albums chart. The album's title was derived from a catchphrase they used to describe burnout after their previous tour.

The first single from the album, "Heavy", gave the band another #1 hit on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and spent a then record-breaking 15 weeks on the top spot. "Heavy" was also featured in the opening of the video game NHL 2001 and in the 2014 Golden Corral ad. The second single released, "Run", also gained broad mainstream radioplay and was featured on the soundtrack for the 1999 film Varsity Blues.

Over nine years after the album's release, the single "Tremble for My Beloved" was featured in the 2008 film Twilight and its accompanying soundtrack.

In 2012, the band performed the album in its entirety (save "Dandy Life") during their Dosage Tour.

Recording

Dosage marked a change in recording and style for Collective Soul. Unhappy with the production and sound of the previous album Disciplined Breakdown, the band focused more on production and technique for the recording of Dosage. The result led to an arduous six-month recording period where according to guitarist Dean Roland: "The way we recorded Dosage, we were really meticulous about everything that we did for that record." More than before the band progressed to a high production pop-rock sound. This status was obvious with the extensive use of loops, Pro Tools effects, and synth-pop sounds, especially in comparison with the band's previous three albums which are more organic and raw in sound.