Short circuit

A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered. The electrical opposite of a short circuit is an "open circuit", which is an infinite resistance between two nodes. It is common to misuse "short circuit" to describe any electrical malfunction, regardless of the actual problem.

Definition

A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an excessive electric current limited only by the Thévenin equivalent resistance of the rest of the network and potentially causes circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. Although usually the result of a fault, there are cases where short circuits are caused intentionally, for example, for the purpose of voltage-sensing crowbar circuit protectors.

In circuit analysis, a short circuit is a connection between two nodes that forces them to be at the same voltage. In an ideal short circuit, this means there is no resistance and no voltage drop across the short. In real circuits, the result is a connection with almost no resistance. In such a case, the current is limited by the rest of the circuit.

Lazy evaluation

In programming language theory, lazy evaluation, or call-by-need is an evaluation strategy which delays the evaluation of an expression until its value is needed (non-strict evaluation) and which also avoids repeated evaluations (sharing). The sharing can reduce the running time of certain functions by an exponential factor over other non-strict evaluation strategies, such as call-by-name.

The benefits of lazy evaluation include:

  • Performance increases by avoiding needless calculations, and error conditions in evaluating compound expressions
  • The ability to construct potentially infinite data structures
  • The ability to define control flow (structures) as abstractions instead of primitives
  • Lazy evaluation is often combined with memoization, as described in Jon Bentley's Writing Efficient Programs. After a function's value is computed for that parameter or set of parameters, the result is stored in a lookup table that is indexed by the values of those parameters; the next time the function is called, the table is consulted to determine whether the result for that combination of parameter values is already available. If so, the stored result is simply returned. If not, the function is evaluated and another entry is added to the lookup table for reuse.

    Short circuit (disambiguation)

    A short circuit is a type of malfunction of an electrical circuit, or a hydraulic condition in a basin or unit process in which the actual flow time of water through the basin or unit process volume divided by peak hourly flow. Short Circuit may also refer to:

  • Short Circuit (1986 film), a film about a robot that comes to life
  • Short Circuit (video game), based on the film
  • Short Circuit 2 (1988), the film's sequel
  • Short Circuit (1943 film), an Italian film
  • Short Circuit (album), a 2003 album by Japanese techno group I've Sound
  • Short Circuit: Live at the Electric Circus, a 1978 compilation album of English punk and reggae
  • A song by Daft Punk from their 2001 house album Discovery (Daft Punk album)
  • See also

  • Open circuit (disambiguation)
  • Short-circuit evaluation
  • Podcasts:

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    Latest News for: short circuit a.l.b

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    Pune minibus fire: Driver arrested, remanded to police custody till March 29

    Hindustan Times 28 Mar 2025
    (REPRESENTATIVE PHOTO) ... Shortly thereafter, the employees sitting inside the minibus noticed the smoke and flames near the driver’s seat ... The reports are awaited. There was no short circuit in the vehicle which the experts found during the probe ... ....
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    10 Chilling Sci-Fi Movies Where AI Goes Rogue

    What Culture 28 Mar 2025
    Some short-circuit, some fight back against their operators, some kill for sport, and some just want a little more time on this Earth ... 10. Margaux (2022). Helmed by Steven C ... But once they settle in, the group discover that Margaux has other plans ... Next.
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    The Apprentice's Max England: Being fired by Lord Sugar was a privilege - it was ...

    The Daily Mail 28 Mar 2025
    'I used to compete against Billy Harris (world No 107) regularly. I played Kyle Edmund in the juniors.' ... During his short-lived time on the circuit, England faced off with players like Marcus Willis (pictured with Roger Federer) ... David Beckham is a fan.
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    2025 NFL Draft: Why are QBs Jaxson Dart and Tyler Shough gaining steam this cycle?

    Yahoo Daily News 28 Mar 2025
    I’ll first start with Dart.Why could Jaxson Dart go in the 1st round? ... Advertisement. Advertisement ... When the read wasn’t completely clean, or Dart didn’t seem to anticipate post-snap defensive rotation, his operation would also start to short circuit ... .
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    Over 5.3 lakh litres water used to douse fires at two ‘illegal’ godowns in 48 hours

    The Times of India 27 Mar 2025
    He explained that most of the wiring in these godowns is old, and the machinery heats up faster in extreme heat, increasing the likelihood of short circuits.
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    Wall collapses in Burhanpur, one dead & two injured

    The Times of India 27 Mar 2025
    Indore ... The deceased was identified as Waseem Khan, a resident of Lohar Mandi ... The fire, allegedly caused by a short circuit, engulfed around half-a-dozen huts late on Wednesday night ... .
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    Cash-at-home row: police team visits Justice Varma's residence

    Madhyamam 27 Mar 2025
    New Delhi ... It was learned that police are trying to ascertain the cause of the fire, which is prima faciely suspected to be due to a short circuit.
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    British-era tea factory in Dibrugarh gutted in fire

    The Times of India 27 Mar 2025
    Dibrugarh ... Chabua MLA Punakan Baruah too was present at the site, overseeing the firefighting efforts.Mritunjay Jalan, proprietor of Dinjoy tea estate, said a short circuit was the likely cause of fire ... 'Seeing the factory burn down is heartbreaking ... .
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    Police inspect judge Yashwant Varma’s house, Supreme Court agrees to hear petition for FIR

    Financial Express 27 Mar 2025
    The police team, led by DCP (New Delhi) Devesh Mahla, reached the 30, Tughlak Crescent bungalow at around 1.30 pm and spent nearly two hours there ... Prima facie, it is suspected that the fire was caused due to a short circuit ... .
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    LiTime Unveils New Smart Lithium Battery Lineup, Powering the Future of Outdoor Living and Green Mobility

    GetNews 27 Mar 2025
    The lineup includes.. The LiTime 230Ah Bluetooth Battery ... In addition to core protections like overcharge, over-discharge, short circuit, and overheating, the system includes 20+ advanced safety features, such as.. Low-temperature cut-off ... Golf Carts.
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    Mail Sport Extreme: It's not quite F1 in terms of speed and prizemoney but there's ...

    The Daily Mail 27 Mar 2025
    Commonly referred to as ‘backyard Formula 1’, BHC is not without its place in British folklore ... Some of the cars do have the look of their F1 big brothers and get up to 120mph ... They aren’t robust enough for short-circuit racing; they’d fall apart ... .
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    Sundance Film Festival moving to Boulder, Colorado

    Park Record 27 Mar 2025
    Orschel’s debut short film, “Sister Wife,” which she made in 2008 with another Parkite, ... That film led her to her new feature-length documentary “Snowland,” which she took on the festival circuit.
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    Fire breaks out at storage facility

    The Times of India 26 Mar 2025
    Chennai. A massive fire broke out at a godown in Poonamallee early on Wednesday morning ... Police, who are still investigating, said an electrical short circuit or a malfunctioning unit may have caused the fire.
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    Trump blocks federal judge, invokes ‘state secrets privilege’ in deportations case under 18th century wartime

    Michigan Live 26 Mar 2025
    Circuit Court Judge Patricia Millett said Nazis detained in the U.S ... Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ... deported them ... Gelernt accused the administration of trying to use the law to “short circuit” immigration proceedings ... Sen ... ....
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