Simla Agreement

The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on July 2, 1972 in Simla, the capital city of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh on December 3, 1971 immediately before the victory of Bangladesh, which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year.

The agreement was the result of resolve of both the countries to "put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations". It conceived the steps to be taken for further normalization of mutual relations and it also laid down the principles that should govern their future relations.

Details

The treaty was signed in Simla, India, by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the President of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India. The agreement also paved the way for diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan. Technically the document was signed on 0040 hours in the night of 3 July, despite this official documents are dated July 2, 1972. Few major outcomes of the Simla Agreement are:

Shimla

Shimla (Hindi: शिमला; English pronunciation: /ˈʃɪmlə/; Hindi: [ˈʃɪmlaː]), also known as Simla, is the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, located in northern India. Shimla is bounded by Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, the state of Uttarakhand in the south-east, and Solan and Sirmaur. The city has rich history as in 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India, succeeding Murree, northeast of Rawalpindi. After independence, the city became the capital of Punjab and was later named the capital of Himachal Pradesh. It is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of the hilly regions of the state. As of 2011, the city had 171,817 residents; and is one of the lowest populated capital city in India.

The earliest inhabitants of the area date back to the start of the 19th century, the area fell under the British Raj in the year 1817. The climatic conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the dense forests of Himalayas. Shimla being the summer capital hosted many important political meetings including the Simla Accord of 1914 and the Simla Conference of 1945. After independence the state of Himachal Pradesh came into being in 1948 as a result of integration of 28 princely states. Even after independence the city remained an important political center hosting the Simla Agreement of 1972. After the reorganisation, the Mahasu district and its major portion was merged with Shimla. Its name is derived from the goddess Shyamala Devi, an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Kali. As of 2011 Shimla comprises 19 hill states; mainly Baghal, Baghat, Balsan, Bashahr, Bhajji, Bija, Darkoti, Dhami, Jubal, Keonthal, Kumharsain, Kunihar, Kuthar, Mahlog, Mangal, Nalagarh (Hindur), Sangri and Tharoch.

Shimla (Lok Sabha constituency)

Shimla Lok Sabha constituency (formerly, Simla Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. The seat is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.

Assembly segments

Shimla Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following 17 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments:

Members of Parliament

Shimla (actress)

Shimla is a Bangladeshi film actress. Her Debut film Madam Fuly was released on 1999. She has won National Film Award for Best Actress for her debut film Madam Fuly. She also appeared Bollywood film opposite Govinda.

Career

Selected filmography

Television

References

External links