Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec

The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR or AMR-NB or GSM-AMR) audio codec is an audio compression format optimized for speech coding. AMR speech codec consists of a multi-rate narrowband speech codec that encodes narrowband (200–3400 Hz) signals at variable bit rates ranging from 4.75 to 12.2 kbit/s with toll quality speech starting at 7.4 kbit/s.

AMR was adopted as the standard speech codec by 3GPP in October 1999 and is now widely used in GSM and UMTS. It uses link adaptation to select from one of eight different bit rates based on link conditions.

AMR is also a file format for storing spoken audio using the AMR codec. Many modern mobile telephone handsets can store short audio recordings in the AMR format, and both free and proprietary programs exist (see Software support) to convert between this and other formats, although AMR is a speech format and is unlikely to give ideal results for other audio. The common filename extension is .amr. There also exists another storage format for AMR that is suitable for applications with more advanced demands on the storage format, like random access or synchronization with video. This format is the 3GPP-specified 3GP container format based on ISO base media file format.

AMR

Amr or AMR may refer to:

Companies

Information technology

People

Military

Other uses

Amr (name)

Amr (Arabic: عمرو‎) is an Arabic male name.

Etymology

It is most commonly written as "Amr", but sometimes mistakenly written as "Umar". The word is derived from the tri-literal Arabic root (ع م ر و) meaning "to live a long time."

When the Arabic letter wāw is added to the end of the Arabic name Umar, the name changes to "Amr". Although very close in writing in Arabic, they are two different names, though sometimes the one is transliterated as the other, so 'Amr ibn al-'As is sometimes transliterated as "Umar ibn al-Aas". In the same way, it is possible to find Umar ibn al-Khattab transliterated as "Amr ibn al-Khattab". The transcription of "Amr" as "Amro" or "Amru" is not correct and mostly due to ignorance of the correct pronunciation of the name.

History

The most prominent person in Islam named Amr was 'Amr ibn al-'As, the advisor to the fifth Sunni Caliph.

People

Shefa-'Amr

Shefa-'Amr, also Shfar'am (Arabic: شفاعمرو‎, Šafā ʻAmr, Hebrew: שְׁפַרְעָם, Šəfarʻam) is an Arab city in the North District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2012 the city had a population of 38,300. The city population consists of a Sunni Muslim majority, alongside large Christian and Druze minorities.

Etymology

In the Roman Era, the town was known as "Shofar Am", Hebrew for "horn of a nation". It is thought that this name is derived from that of the Jewish Sanhedrin, which for a time was located in the city and was considered the nation's horn. Alternatively, the name could be based on the literary Hebrew word shefer (Hebrew: שפר), meaning "beauty" or "goodness", i.e. "the beauty of the people". According to a popular Arab legend, the Arab general Amr Ibn Al-Aas was cured of an illness after drinking the local water. Upon seeing their commander's recovery, his soldiers cheered "Shofiya Amr" (Arabic for "Amr was healed"), and that was the source of the name. The spring from which he allegedly drank is located southeast of the city. Others allege that the name "Shfar-am" was changed to an Arabic form "Shefa-'Amr" in the Mamluk period. According to Palmer, it is a corruption of the word Shafram.