Operation Sigma Sigma

The Sigma is an experimental glider developed in Britain from 1966 by a team led by Nicholas Goodhart. After disappointing performance during flight testing the Sigma was passed on to a Canadian group which carried out modifications, making the Sigma more competitive.

Design and development

Designed to compete in the 1970 World Championships, the team aimed to develop a wing that would climb well through a high lift coefficient and a large wing area, but equally had the "maximum possible reduction of area for cruise at low lift coefficients". At the same time for the minimum possible drag they aimed for "extensive" laminar flow. To achieve this they employed flaps that would alter both wing area and wing camber. Based on analysis of the nature of thermals encountered in cross-country flying, they reasoned that by having a slow turning circle, their sailplane could stay close to the central (and strongest) part of the thermal and gain maximum benefit.

Its unusual feature is its ability to vary its wing area using Fowler flaps. It had been tried before by the Hannover Akaflieg in 1938 with their AFH-4, the South African Beatty-Johl BJ-2 Assegai and the SZD Zefir gliders.

Sigma (cosmology)

Sigma in cosmology was a property of galaxies used when trying to work out the mystery of galaxies and their supermassive black holes.

History

In the late 1990s the NUKER experts had made observations with a spectroscope of two galaxies, one of an active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus called NGC10-68 and a dormant galaxy next door to us named Andromeda.

The observations are shown. The light from the centre in Andromeda galaxy was distorted proving the existence of super-massive black holes.

Other observations proved most galaxies had a similar centre whether it be active or dormant.

They then realised that the black holes must have something to do with a galaxy's formation, so they turned to something they thought was useless: the speed of the stars around the edge of the galaxy. This was Sigma, the speed of the stars at the edge of the galaxy supposedly unaffected by the mass of the black hole at the centre.

Usage In Cosmology

The NUKER team calculated the sigma of several stars in different galaxies and the mass of the black hole at the (nucleus) centre. They expected no correlation what so ever. But when plotting their results on a Scatter diagram and drawing a line of best fit they ended up with a positive correlation. It appeared that the heavier the black hole at the centre was the faster the stars within the galaxy travelled.

Sigma (duo)

Sigma is an English drum and bass duo consisting of Cameron Edwards and Joe Lenzie. They met at Leeds University at drum and bass nights. Their 2010 collaboration with DJ Fresh, "Lassitude", peaked at number 98 on the UK Singles Chart. Their single "Nobody to Love" topped the UK Singles Chart, becoming their first UK number one. Follow-up single "Changing", featuring Paloma Faith, also got to number one.

Career

Formation

Lenzie and Edwards met in 2006 at Leeds University; Cameron was working in local record store Tribe Records and with Echo Location's Obi running local night Event Horizon, while Lenzie was DJing hip-hop and warming up Event Horizon for such acts as Rahzel and Grandmaster Flash. Once they had finished in Leeds, they relocated to London and became a three-piece with Edwards' school friend Ben Mauerhoff, being signed under DJ Fresh's Breakbeat Kaos. After a while, long distances took their toll – Edwards and Mauerhoff were based in Surrey, whereas Lenzie was based in Harpenden, Hertfordshire and they couldn't get three people into the Harpenden studio – and Mauerhoff left. In December 2008 they formed their own record label, Life Recordings (so called because, according to Lenzie, the industry demanded that it be their life). Its inaugural release was a VIP mix of their early Bingo Beats single "El Presidente".

Shatter

Shatter or shattering may refer to:

Entertainment

Shatter (song)

"Shatter" is a song by the British rock band Feeder. "Shatter" was first released as B-side to "Tumble and Fall" and as a bonus to the Japanese edition of Pushing the Senses; it has since been included on the band's compilation album The Singles. Released in October 2005, the single was backed up with "Tender" from the fifth studio album Pushing the Senses, the combination reaching number 11 in the UK Singles Chart. "Shatter" appears in the end credits of the English language dub of the Russian film Night Watch (Russian: Ночной дозор, Nochnoy Dozor).

Style

"Tender" is a piano-driven ballad, with guitar, bass and drums.

It charted at #57 on the top 100 UK airplay chart. "Tender" reached #55 but did not pick up as much audience figures overall, while not given very much radio play due to "Shatter" being the main track to promote the release.

Music video

The music video for "Shatter" sees the band appearing in various scenes of the film Night Watch.

In the video the band are seen driving a yellow van in a 180 degree stunt. Later the van arrives to a block of flats where a vortex is seen, with frontman Grant Nicholas armed with a glowing tube that resembles a lightsaber, exploring the levels before forcing a locked door open and entering a flat.

Shatter (EP)

Shatter is an EP by Swiss extreme metal band Triptykon, and was released 25 October 2010. The EP consists of the bonus track "Shatter" from the Japanese edition of Eparistera Daimones, as well as other songs from the recording sessions of that album, including a newly mastered version of their demo "Crucifixus". Tracks 4 and 5 are live versions of Celtic Frost songs, recorded during Triptykon's headliner performance at the Roadburn Festival in Tilburg, The Netherlands, on 16 April 2010. "Dethroned Emperor" features guest lead vocals by Nocturno Culto (Darkthrone, Sarke).

Track listing

Release

Shatter has been released in multiple formats, such as a CD, a 12" vinyl, and a digital download. A music video for the song "Shatter" has also been released.

Line-up

Guest musicians