Shashlik

Shashlik or shashlyk (Armenian: խորոված khorovats, Azerbaijani: şişlik or tikə kabab, Georgian: მწვადი mtsvadi, Persian: شیشلیک‎‎, Russian: шашлы́к, Lithuanian: šašlykas, Turkish: şaşlık, Kurdish: Biraşka şîşê‎, Hebrew: שישליק‎, Hindustani: شاشلِک or षअषईक), is a form of Shish kebab popular in Eastern and Central Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland,Lithuania, Hungary), the Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), Central Asia, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Israel, Iraq, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Turkey, Bangladesh and other places.

Shashlik (meaning skewered meat) was originally made of lamb. Nowadays it is also made of pork or beef depending on local preferences and religious observances. The skewers are either threaded with meat only, or with alternating pieces of meat, fat, and vegetables, such as bell pepper, onion, mushroom and tomato.

Usage

Even though the word "shashlyk" was apparently borrowed from the Crimean Tatars by the Cossacks as early as the 16th century, kebabs did not reach Moscow until the late 19th century. From then on, their popularity spread rapidly; by the 1910s they were a staple in St Petersburg restaurants and by the 1920s they were already a pervasive street food all over urban Russia.

Shashlik (physics)

In high energy physics detectors, shashlik is a layout for a sampling calorimeter. It refers to a stack of alternating slices of absorber (e.g. lead, brass) and scintillator materials (crystal or plastic), which is penetrated by a wavelength shifting fiber running perpendicular to the absorber and scintillator tiles.

The absorber has a small interaction length, so that a particle radiates energy in a short track. The scintillator material produces visible light when transversed by the particle's radiated energy. This occurs with an electromagnetic calorimeter, in the form of photons and/or electron+positron pairs. The energy of the particle may be then measured by the intensity of scintillation light produced by the various scintillator slices. An example detector that uses a shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter is the LHCb detector.

This type of calorimeter was likely named after the shashlik, a popular form of shish kebab sold by street vendors in the former Soviet Union, by the Russian and Ukrainian scientists who first proposed it.