Formation (association football)

In association football, the formation describes how the players in a team are positioned on the pitch. Different formations can be used depending on whether a team wishes to play more attacking or defensive football.

Formations are used in both professional and amateur football matches. In amateur matches, however, these tactics are sometimes adhered to less strictly due to the lesser significance of the occasion. Skill and discipline on the part of the players is also needed to implement a given formation effectively in professional football. Formations need to be chosen bearing in mind which players are available. Some of the formations below were created to address deficits or strengths in different types of players.

Nomenclature

Formations are described by categorising the players (not including the goalkeeper) according to their positioning along (not across) the pitch, with the more defensive players given first. For example, 4–4–2 means four defenders, four midfielders, and two forwards.

Shape (song)

"Shape" is a song by English girl group Sugababes, released as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, Angels with Dirty Faces (2002). It was composed by Sting, Dominic Miller, and Craig Dodds, who produced the song. The midtempo pop and R&B ballad incorporates a sample of Sting's 1993 recording "Shape of My Heart", whose vocals are featured in the chorus. It received mixed reviews from critics, who were ambivalent towards the sample of "Shape of My Heart".

The single attained moderate success and reached the top twenty on the charts in Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. The song's music video was directed by Michael Gracey and Pete Commins, and filmed in Sydney, Australia. The video was censored and later re-shot due to its depiction of nudity. It features the Sugababes at a masquerade ball in a mansion. The Sugababes performed "Shape" on GMTV, at the V Festival, and on tour in support of their albums.

Background and composition

"Shape" was written by Sting, Dominic Miller and Craig Dodds, and produced by Dodds under his production name Craigie, for the Sugababes' second studio album, Angels with Dirty Faces (2002). It is a remake of Sting's 1993 recording "Shape of My Heart"; the song's verses were changed, while the chorus that features Sting's vocals was re-recorded. According to Sugababes member Mutya Buena, "He felt he could do better with the chorus, so he came in to re-record it". The song was engineered by Jack Guy, and programmed by Dean Barratt. Additional vocal recording was completed by Ben Georgiades. "Shape" is the album's fourth and final single, and was released in the United Kingdom on 10 March 2003 as a CD single and cassette tape. The B-side is a cover version of English producer Adamski's and English musician Seal's 1990 single "Killer".

Shape (album)

Shape is the second album from the Australian band Frente!, released in July 1996. The album was recorded in Spain in 1995 and produced by Cameron McVey and Ted Niceley. It was not as successful as their debut album..

Track listing

All songs written by Angie Hart and Simon Austin, except where noted.

Personnel

References

Sting (percussion)

A sting is a short sequence played by a drummer to punctuate a joke, especially an obvious or awful one. A sting is often used as accompaniment during cabaret- and circus-style shows. The sound of the sting is sometimes written ba dum tsh, ba-dum ching, and occasionally ba dum tis. In British English, boom boom is commonly used. An abbreviation used in chats is //* .

In the context of percussion, rimshot normally refers to a single stroke of the stick in which the rim and skin of a drum are both struck simultaneously by the same stick, creating an accent. A rimshot in this context is only a component of the sting, and does not appear at all in some stings.

Common stings may feature a short roll followed by a crash or splash cymbal and kick drum, a flam, or a rimshot. The advanced example at right uses a tom then kick, followed by a pause to put the final stroke offbeat, and a final stroke using both the snare and kick drums to support a one-handed cymbal choke, meaning all three are hit at once.

Sting Entertainment

Sting Entertainment (株式会社スティング) is a Japanese game development studio. Some of their titles include Treasure Hunter G, Evolution: The World of Sacred Device, and the Dept. Heaven series of games. Its active properties currently include Baroque, Dokapon, and the Dept. Heaven series.

On March 10, 2009, Atlus and Sting announced a partnership where Sting games would be published by Atlus in Japan. Atlus also expressed an interest in having Sting develop Atlus games.

In March 2012, Sting and fellow game developer Idea Factory formed a partnership, wherein members from both companies would collaborate to create games that would showcase both their talents. Titles developed by both companies were released under the label of Super Sting. Their first title, Generation of Chaos: Pandora’s Reflection, was released three months later, in July 2012.

Games developed by Sting

Sting has developed many games, both original creations and contract work, across many platforms. They also regularly port and remake games for new platforms.

Sting (fixture)

In experimental fluid mechanics, a sting is a test fixture on which models are mounted for testing, e.g. in a wind tunnel. A sting is usually a long shaft attaching to the downstream end of the model so that it does not much disturb the flow over the model. The rear end of a sting usually has a conical fairing blending into the (wind tunnel) model support structure.

For minimum aerodynamic interference a sting should be as long as possible and have as small a diameter as possible, within the structural safety limits. Critical length of a sting (beyond which its influence on the flow around the model is small) is mostly dependent on Reynolds number. If the flow at the rear end of a model (model base) is laminar, the critical sting length can be as much as 12-15 base diameters. If the flow at model base is turbulent, critical sting length reduces to 3-5 model base diameters. Source also suggests a sting diameter of no more than about 30% of model base diameter. However, this may not be possible in wind tunnels with high dynamic pressures because large aerodynamic loads would cause unacceptably large deflections and/or stresses in the sting. Shorter stings of larger relative diameters must be used in such cases. A good rule-of-thumb is that, for acceptably low and test-conditions-independent aerodynamic interference in a high-Reynolds-number, high-dynamic-pressure wind tunnel, a sting should have a diameter "d" not larger than 30% to 50% of model base diameter "D" and should have a length "L" of at least three model base diameters, e.g. as specified for the AGARD-C calibration model), see figure.