SHA-2

SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the NSA. SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm. Cryptographic hash functions are mathematical operations run on digital data; by comparing the computed "hash" (the output from execution of the algorithm) to a known and expected hash value, a person can determine the data's integrity. For example, computing the hash of a downloaded file and comparing the result to a previously published hash result can show whether the download has been modified or tampered with. A key aspect of cryptographic hash functions is their collision resistance: nobody should be able to find two different input values that result in the same hash output.

SHA-2 includes significant changes from its predecessor, SHA-1. The SHA-2 family consists of six hash functions with digests (hash values) that are 224, 256, 384 or 512 bits: SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256.

SHA-256 and SHA-512 are novel hash functions computed with 32-bit and 64-bit words, respectively. They use different shift amounts and additive constants, but their structures are otherwise virtually identical, differing only in the number of rounds. SHA-224 and SHA-384 are simply truncated versions of the first two, computed with different initial values. SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are also truncated versions of SHA-512, but the initial values are generated using the method described in FIPS PUB 180-4. SHA-2 was published in 2001 by the NIST as a U.S. federal standard (FIPS). The SHA-2 family of algorithms are patented in US patent 6829355. The United States has released the patent under a royalty-free license.

Sha

Sha or SHA may refer to:

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People

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Science and technology

Sha.

sha. (* January 11, 1972 in Hartberg) is an Austrian artist and perception researcher. He became known through his multimedia art projects such as the House of Music in Vienna and through the artistic lounger object AlphaSphere.

Biography

In 1990, Andreas Rodler started studying Composition, Music theory and Electro acoustics at the University of Music and performing arts in Vienna and the Centre Pompidou in Paris. From 1995 to 1996 he spent several months at the sound lab IRCAM – Centre Pompidou Paris. His AlphaSphere was one of the Austrian contributions at International Contemporary Furniture Fair (ICFF 2008) in New York.

Since the middle of the nineties, his artistic work focuses on human perception. In his works, he uses symphonic orchestra, experimental music theatre, sound installations and self-made sound objects. He develops video works, interactive exhibitions and media projects Cooperation with ORF, WDR, BR, ARTE, RADIO FRANCE, EBU.

Today he uses the pseudonym „sha.“ and works on multisensory projects, which aim for new synaesthetic fields of perception through a connection of all senses. Starting with the medium “sound“, connections to other sensations (such as colour, light, shape, haptics, warmth and scent) are established.

Sha (singer)

Grazia di Fresco, better known by her stage name Sha, is a German singer of Italian descent who rose to fame in the summer of 2006 with her debut single "JaJa".

Formation

Sha grew up in Schwieberdingen near Stuttgart. After finishing school in the year 2000 at the Hans Grüninger High School in Markgröningen she moved to Munich and published in 2001 as artist Grazia on an indie label, the song Rome or Paris. The song was not a commercial success. Five years later she wrote a record contract with major label EMI.

Subsequent career

Her debut single "JaJa" was released in the beginning of August 2006 and charted right away on the German and Austrian music charts. The song is a cover version of the 1990 hit "Ice Ice Baby" of American rapper Vanilla Ice, for which new German lyrics were written by its producer Ole Wierk. In February 2007, Sha released her second single, the electro-/synthpop song "Vergiss Mich", which is notable for its use of synthesizers.

On August 24, 2007, a double A-side single "Respect the Girls / Verdammt ich lieb dich" was released. There are videos for both songs. "Respect the Girls" was recorded as a part of the action of the German magazine BRAVO Girl, while "Verdammt ich lieb dich" is a cover of the German Schlager singer Matthias Reim. On August 25, Sha was at the Brandenburger Tor in Berlin, supporting the Schau nicht weg! action of BRAVO and VIVA against school violence. On August 31, her first album, Kein Scheiß!, was released.