Canon law

Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.

Etymology

Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών,Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane").

Canons of the Apostles

The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers In the fourth century the First Council of Nicaea (325) calls canons the disciplinary measures of the Church: the term canon, κανὠν, means in Greek, a rule. There is a very early distinction between the rules enacted by the Church and the legislative measures taken by the State called leges, Latin for laws.

Legal education

Legal education is the education of individuals who intend to become legal professionals or those who simply intend to use their law degree to some end, either related to law (such as politics or academic) or business. It includes:

Overview

In addition to the qualifications required to become a practicing lawyer, legal education also encompasses higher degrees, such as doctorates, for more advanced academic study.

In many countries other than the United States, law is an undergraduate degree. Graduates of such a program are eligible to become lawyers by passing the country's equivalent of a bar exam. In such countries, graduate programs in law enable students to embark on academic careers or become specialized in a particular area of law.

Pareto principle

The Pareto principle (also known as the 80–20 rule, the law of the vital few, and the principle of factor sparsity) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who, while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, published his first paper "Cours d'économie politique." Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population; Pareto developed the principle by observing that 20% of the peapods in his garden contained 80% of the peas.

It is a common rule of thumb in business; e.g., "80% of your sales come from 20% of your clients." Mathematically, the 80–20 rule is roughly followed by a power law distribution (also known as a Pareto distribution) for a particular set of parameters, and many natural phenomena have been shown empirically to exhibit such a distribution.

The Pareto principle is only tangentially related to Pareto efficiency. Pareto developed both concepts in the context of the distribution of income and wealth among the population.

Sex (I'm A...)

"Sex (I'm A...)" is a song by the American band Berlin from their second album Pleasure Victim. The song was co-written by group members John Crawford, Terri Nunn and David Diamond and sung as a duet by Crawford and Nunn.

Released as the album's second single in February 1983, the single became a cult hit on American radio and brought the group into the mainstream. Despite the significant attention, the song's racy lyrics resulted in it being banned from several radio stations. Perhaps because of this, the single ultimately peaked at No. 62 on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks in late March and early April 1983.The song was also the first single release from the band's new label, Geffen Records.

Cover versions

Canadian electroclash musician Peaches covered the song as a bonus track for her albums The Teaches of Peaches and Fatherfucker.

Canadian industrial musician Renee Cooper (aka Zombie Girl) covered the song for the bonus disc to her 2007 Blood, Brains and Rock 'N' Roll album.

Sexual intercourse

Sexual intercourse, or coitus or copulation, is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both. This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex. Other forms of penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers), and penetration by use of a dildo (especially a strap-on dildo). These activities involve physical intimacy between two or more individuals and are usually used among humans solely for physical or emotional pleasure and commonly contribute to human bonding.

A variety of views concern what constitutes sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, which can also impact views on sexual health. Although the term sexual intercourse, particularly the variant coitus, generally denotes penile-vaginal penetration and the possibility of creating offspring, it also commonly denotes penetrative oral sex and penile-anal sex, particularly the latter. It is usually defined by sexual penetration, while non-penetrative sex acts, such as non-penetrative forms of cunnilingus or mutual masturbation, have been termed outercourse. Non-penetrative sex acts, however, may additionally be considered sexual intercourse. The term sex, often a shorthand for sexual intercourse, can mean any form of sexual activity. Because people can be at risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections during sexual activities, though the transmission risk is significantly reduced during non-penetrative sex,safe sex practices are advised.

Sex (The 1975 song)

"Sex" is a song by English indie rock band The 1975, originally included as the third track on their second extended play of the same name, Sex. It was released as a single on 19 November 2012. The song was released to modern rock radio in the United States as a single in promotion of the EP on 5 March 2013, peaking at number 35 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. It also peaked at number 23 on the UK Indie Chart.

"Sex" was re-recorded by the band in 2013 for their debut studio album The 1975, in which it was included as the fifth track on the album. On 8 July 2013, the album version of the song premiered on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show as his "Hottest Record in the World". It was released as a digital single on 23 August 2013 and debuted at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart on 1 September.

Music videos

An official music video for the EP version of "Sex", shot in black-and-white, was uploaded to YouTube on 5 October 2012. On 26 July 2013, a music video for the album version of the song was released, noteworthy for being the band's first music video to be rendered in color.