Sebakh

Sebakh (less commonly transliterated as sebbakh) is an Aramaic word which translates to "dry land" in English. This term is used to described decomposed organic material that can be employed both as an agricultural fertilizer and as a fuel for fires.

Composition

Most sebakh consists of ancient, deteriorated mud brick. Mud brick was a primary building material in ancient Egypt. This material is composed of ancient mud mixed with the nitrous compost of the hay and stubble that the bricks were originally formulated with to give added strength before being baked in the sun.

Affecting archaeology

A common practice in Egypt, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, was for farmers to obtain government permits to remove this material from ancient mounds; such farmers were known as 'sebakhin'. Mounds indicating the location of ancient cities are also known as a tell, or tel.

An archaeological site could provide an excellent source of sebakh because decomposed organic debris creates a soil very rich in nitrogen. Nitrogen is an essential component in fertilizers used for plant crops.