STM-4

The STM-4 (Synchronous Transport Module) is a SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 622.080 Mbit/s.

The STM-4 specification is designed to carry 7,680 8-bit "voice" frames every 125 micro-seconds for a total payload bit rate of 491.520 Mbit/s. The other levels defined by the SDH standard are STM-1, STM-16 and STM-64. Beyond this we have wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) commonly used in submarine cabling.

Although STM-4 is comparable to OC-12 the SDH frame structure allocates more space to overhead than that of SONET. Because of this, STM-4's payload bandwidth differs from that of OC-12.

SDH Rates

SDH is a transport hierarchy based on multiples of 155.52 Mbit/s. The basic unit of SDH is STM-1.

Different SDH rates are given below:

Each rate is an exact multiple of the lower rate, therefore the hierarchy is synchronous. !!!

Tianyuraptor

Tianyuraptor is a genus of short-armed dromaeosaurid dinosaur ('running lizard'; a type of small dinosaur considered to be closely related to birds) that lived during the Early Cretaceous, about 122 million years ago. Its remains have been found in western Liaoning, China. It was similar to other dromaeosaurids found in Liaoning, with the exception of being somewhat more primitive. The type specimen, formally named in 2010, shows features not seen in previously known Northern Hemisphere (Laurasian) dromaeosaurids, but present in Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanan) species and early birds. Because of this, the scientists who first studied Tianyuraptor described it as a "transitional species", bridging the gap between northern and southern types of dromaeosaurid. Tianyuraptor also differs from previously known dromaeosaurids in that it possesses a relatively small furcula ("wishbone"), and unusually short forelimbs.

Etymology

The generic name of Tianyuraptor combines Tianyu, referring to the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Nature where the holotype specimen is stored, with raptor, the Latin word for 'robber', referring to the action of grabbing prey, often used in naming dromaeosaurids. The specific epithet, ostromi, is in honor of John Ostrom, who contributed greatly to the study of dromaeosaurid fossils, including Deinonychus and feathered dinosaurs.

STM-1

The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256. Beyond this we have wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) commonly used in submarine cabling.

Frame structure

The STM-1 frame is the basic transmission format for SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy). A STM-1 frame has a byte-oriented structure with 9 rows and 270 columns of bytes, for a total of 2,430 bytes (9 rows * 270 columns = 2430 bytes). Each byte corresponds to a 64kbit/s channel.

TOH: Transport Overhead (RSOH + AU4P + MSOH)

VC4: Virtual Container-4 payload (POH + VC-4 Data)

Frame characteristics

The STM-1 base frame is structured with the following characteristics:

Savage

Savage may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

Films

Music

Albums

Songs

Video games

Roberto Zanetti

Roberto Zanetti (born November 28, 1956) is an Italian singer, music producer, composer and businessman from Massa, Tuscany. As a singer he is known under the stage name Savage, and as a music producer he uses the alias Robyx.

He has founded several companies: Robyx Productions, Extravaganza Publishing and DWA Records.

Zanetti has produced and written music for several artists other than himself, including Ice MC, Double You, Alexia and Zucchero.

Vocal career

Since 1983, Zanetti has recorded under the stage name Savage. His song "Don't Cry Tonight" was successful across Europe and has been frequently remixed since. The same year, he recorded "Only You", a slow disco number which has also become significantly popular. His first album, Tonight was commercially successful and preceded singles like "Radio", "Time", "A Love Again", "Celebrate", and "Love Is Death". In 1989, he recorded "I Just Died In Your Arms" (a Hi-NRG remake of the Cutting Crew song), as well as a greatest hits album. In 1994, he released another album, Strangelove, containing a number of remixes of his older songs and four mixes of the song "Strangelove" (originally by Depeche Mode). The last single which was released by Savage was "Don't You Want Me", which appeared on his own label, Dance World Attack Records (DWA) in 1994. This track does not appear on the Strangelove album. After a fifteen-year silence, he released "Twothousandnine" as a single in October 2009.

Savage (band)

Savage is a heavy metal band from Mansfield, England.

The band is most remembered for the song titled 'Let it Loose', a track which made significant impact on the early 1980s metal scene (indeed, it was later covered by Metallica on Ron McGovney's Garage demo, and would later give rise to the name of their first album, Loose 'N Lethal, released in 1983 and nowadays considered a classic.

The group was formed in 1976 by 16-year-old bass player Chris Bradley, vocalist Chris Gent, guitarist Lee Statham and drummer Mick Percival, but after only one official gig the band disbanded and was re-formed in 1978 by Bradley, joined by Andy Bradbury on guitar, Simon Dawson on drums and his 15-year-old brother Andy Dawson on guitar. Line-up issues continued as Andy Bradbury was replaced by Wayne Renshaw, and Simon Dawson left to be replaced after a long period of searching by Dave Lindley. This was the line up that appeared on the compilation albums Scene of the Crime (the album picked up by a young Lars Ulrich, featuring 'Let it Loose'), Metal Fatigue and the double A-side single 'Aint No Fit Place'/'The China Run'. Lindley left shortly after this as was replaced by Mark Brown of Tyrant (another Mansfield based band that had appeared on Scene of the Crime).