Satya

Satya is the Sanskrit word for truth. It also refers to a virtue in Indian religions, referring to being truthful in one's thought, speech and action. In Yoga, satya is one of five yamas, the virtuous restraint from falsehood and distortion of reality in one's expressions and actions.

Etymology

In the Vedas and later sutras, the meaning of the word satya (सत्य) evolves into an ethical concept about truthfulness and is considered an important virtue. It means being true and consistent with reality in one's thought, speech and action.

A related concept, sattva, also derived from "sat", means true essence, nature, spiritual essence, character. Sattva is also a guṇa, a psychology concept particularly in the Samkhya school of philosophy, where it means goodness, purity, clean, positive, one that advances good true nature of self.

Hinduism

Vedic literature

Satya is a central theme in the Vedas, states Hindery. It is equated with and considered necessary to the concept Ṛta (Sanskrit ऋतं ṛtaṃ) – that which is properly joined, order, rule, nature, balance, harmony. Ṛta results from Satya in the Vedas, states Holdrege, as it regulates and enables the operation of the universe and everything within it. Satya (truth) is considered essential, and without it, the universe and reality falls apart, cannot function.

Satya (disambiguation)

Satya (nominative satyam) is a central concept in Indian religions that loosely translates into English as "unchangeable".

Satya, Sathya, Satyam or Sathyam may refer to:

Film

Religion

Companies

Satya (film)

Satya (lit. "Truth") is a 1998 Indian Hindi crime film written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma, with screenplay-dialogues by Saurabh Shukla and Anurag Kashyap.

The film stars J. D. Chakravarthy, Manoj Bajpai, Urmila Matondkar and Shefali Shah. The first film of the Indian Gangster Trilogy, tells the story of Satya, an immigrant who comes to Mumbai seeking his fortune but instead gets sucked into the Mumbai underworld. The film was show cased among the Indian panorama section, at the 1998 International Film Festival of India, the Fribourg International Film Festival, Switzerland, and the New York Asian Film Festival. The film was listed among CNN-IBN's 100 greatest Indian films of all time. In 2005, Indiatimes Movies included Satya in its list of 25 Must See Bollywood Movies.

Made on a shoestring budget of INR 20 millionSatya became a surprise hit at the box office of 1998. The film went on to win six Filmfare Awards, including the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie, four Star Screen Awards and Bollywood Movie Award – Best Director. Satya has been referred to as a modern masterpiece and it was considered one of the best films of the 1990s. It is also considered one of the best gangster films of all time. Film critic Rajeev Masand has labeled it (along with its sequel Company) one of the "most influential movies of the past ten years." The film marked the introduction of a new genre of film making, a variation of film noir that has been called Mumbai noir, of which Varma is the acknowledged master.

Pir

Pir or PIR may refer to:

Religion and history

Science

Information technology

Places

Öpir

Öpir or Öper (Old Norse: ØpiR/Œpir, meaning "shouter") was a runemaster who flourished during the late 11th century and early 12th century in Uppland, Sweden. He was the most productive of all the old runemasters and his art is classified as being in the highly refined Urnes style.

Work

During the 11th century, when most runestones were raised, the small number of professional runemasters and their apprentices were contracted to make runestones. When the work was finished, the stone was usually signed with the name of the runemaster.

Öpir had been an associate or an apprentice of the runemaster Visäte. He has signed about 50 runestones, and an additional 50 runestones were probably made by him. He was active mostly in southern and eastern Uppland, but there are stones made by him also in Gästrikland and Södermanland.

It is a characteristic of his runestones that there is a single rune serpent in the shape of an 8. Moreover, the style is characterized by elegance and control in the complex intervolutions of the rune serpents.

Pir (Sufism)

Pir or Peer (Persian: پیر‎‎, literally "old [person]") is a title for a Sufi master or spiritual guide equally used in the nath tradition. They are also referred to as a Hazrat or Shaikh, which is Arabic for Old Man. The title is often translated into English as "saint" and could be interpreted as "Elder". In Sufism a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include, Murshid (Arabic: مرشد‎, meaning "guide" or "teacher"), Sheikh and Sarkar (Persian word meaning Master, Lord).

The title Peer Baba (पीर बाबा) is common in Hindi used to give a salutation to Sufi masters or similarly honored persons. After their death people visit their tombs (dargah) (मकबरा).

The path of Sufism starts when a student takes an oath of allegiance with a teacher called Bai'ath or Bay'ah (Arabic word meaning "transaction") where he swears allegiance at the hands of his Pir and repents from all his previous sins. After that, the student is called a Murid (Arabic word meaning committed one). From here, his batin (inward) journey starts.