South American pilchard
The South American pilchard (Sardinops sagax) is a sardine of the Family Clupeidae, the only member of the genus Sardinops. It is found in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Its length is up to 40 cm. It has other names, some of which more appropriately refer to subspecies, including blue pilchard, Australian pilchard (S. neopilchardus), blue-bait, Californian pilchard (S. caeruleus), Chilean sardine (S. sagax), Japanese pilchard (S. melanostictus), Pacific sardine, and Southern African pilchard (S. ocellatus).
South Australian sardine fishery
The South Australian sardine fishery targets Sardinops sagax and is the highest yielding single species fishery in Australia by volume. The fishery employs the technique of purse seining. Schools of sardines are encircled by a net up to 1 kilometre in length which is then drawn closed at the bottom. The catch is then pumped on board the fishing vessel where it is stored in refrigerated holds at below freezing temperatures. 94% of the catch is used as feed in Southern bluefin tuna ranching operations off Port Lincoln, South Australia. The remaining 6% of the catch serves human consumption, recreational fishing bait and premium pet food markets.