Gopala I

Gopala (ruled c. 750s–770s CE) was the founder of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal region of the Indian Subcontinent. The last morpheme of his name Pala means "protector" and was used as an ending for the names of all the Pala monarchs. Pala does not suggest or indicate any ethnic or caste considerations of the Pala dynasty. He came to power around 750 CE in Gaur after being elected by a group of regional chieftains.

Origins

There are no contemporary sources of information about Gopala's life: he is known only through the later literary references and genealogies in inscriptions.

The name of his father was Vapyata, and his grandfather Dayitavishnu. A eulogy on the Khalimpur copper plate of his son Dharmapala describes his father Vapyata as a Khanditarati or "killer of enemies", and his grandfather Dayitavishnu as Sarva-vidyavadata ("all-knowing" in the sense "highly educated"). The later texts of the Pala period, such as Ramacharita, mention the Pala rulers as the kings descended from the solar dynasty. However, these lack credibility, and seem to be attempts to cover up their relatively humble origins.

Fibonacci number

In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers or Fibonacci sequence are the numbers in the following integer sequence:

or (often, in modern usage):

By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are either 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

In mathematical terms, the sequence F_n of Fibonacci numbers is defined by the recurrence relation

with seed values

or

The Fibonacci sequence is named after Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci. His 1202 book Liber Abaci introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been described earlier as Virahanka numbers in Indian mathematics. By modern convention, the sequence begins either with F₀ = 0 or with F₁ = 1. The sequence described in Liber Abaci began with F₁ = 1.

Fibonacci numbers are closely related to Lucas numbers in that they form a complementary pair of Lucas sequences and . They are intimately connected with the golden ratio; for example, the closest rational approximations to the ratio are 2/1, 3/2, 5/3, 8/5, ... .

Mantra

Om Śhānti (IAST).

"Mantra" (/ˈmæntrə, ˈmɑːn-, ˈmʌn-/ (Sanskrit: मंत्र);) means a sacred utterance, numinous sound, or a syllable, word, phonemes, or group of words believed by practioners to have psychological and spiritual power in Sanskrit. A mantra may or may not have syntactic structure or literal meaning; the spiritual value of a mantra comes when it is audible, visible, or present in thought.

The earliest mantras were composed in Vedic times by Hindus in India, and those are at least 3000 years old. Mantras are now found in various schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Similar hymns, chants, compositions and concepts are found in Zoroastrianism,Taoism, Christianity, and elsewhere.

The use, structure, function, importance, and types of mantras vary according to the school and philosophy of Hinduism and of Buddhism. Mantras serve a central role in tantra. In this school, mantras are considered equivalent to deities, a sacred formula and deeply personal ritual, and considered to be effective only after initiation. However, in other schools of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism or Sikhism, initiation is not a requirement.

Mantra (Italian band)

Mantra is an Italian heavy metal band. They are led by Jacopo Meille who guested on Tygers of Pan Tang album Animal Instinct.

References

Mantra (Nepalese band)

Mantra (Nepali: मन्त्र) is a well-known Nepalese rock and roll band formed in 2000.

Genesis

The band is originally from Darjeeling. Within no time, the Mantra band got popularity in Nepal and has produced many patriotNepal. Its music and lyrics are well appreciated by the youths of Nepali Languages, therefore remains very popular in the Himalayas.

1. MANTRA

2. MANTRA (ROCKYATRA)

3. MANTRA(Himali Nepali) (2006)

4. MANTRAMUGDHA (2010)

Band Popularity

The Mantra band has produced many popular songs. Bir Gorkhali, Himali Nepali, Ekantama and Sanskriti, Timi bina are some of them. Bir Gorkhali, a song which first appeared in their debut album (Mantra) had also been featured by Prashant Tamang (the winner of Indian idol season 3), in his solo album 'Dhanyabad'.

The Current Band Members

The current band members are: Bhasker Dewan (lead vocals), Pragya Lama (guitars), Birju Chowdhary (drums), Manish Thapa (keyboard), Bidhan (flute, saxophone) and Pravash Subba (bass) . The band’s regular song writer (Lyricist) is Sudarshan Tamang. Bishal Thapa is the former drummer and one of the founder members of the band.