Gasoline
Gasoline /ˈɡæsəliːn/, also known as petrol /ˈpɛtrəl/ outside of North America, is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives.
On average, a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil yields about 19 gallons of gasoline when processed in an oil refinery, though this can and does vary based on the crude oil source's assay.
The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Gasoline is produced in several grades of octane rating. Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating, but many other additives are put into gasoline to improve its chemical stability, control corrosiveness and provide fuel system 'cleaning,' and determine performance characteristics under intended use. Sometimes, gasoline also contains ethanol as an alternative fuel, for economic or environmental reasons.
Petrol (song)
"Petrol" is a song by Ash, released as the second single from their 1994 album Trailer, and their first single on Infectious. It was released on 15 August 1994 on CD and a limited 7" format. Only 500 copies of the 7" format were released, and came with a numbered picture sleeve. The song reached number 3 in the UK Indie Chart in 1994.
The song was released in the U.S. as a 7" single in 1994 on the Generator Records label, with a remixed version of "Petrol" by Ben Groose.
"Petrol" was first recorded on the "Garage Girl" demo tape, and later appeared on Ash's debut live album, "Live at the Wireless", and again on Ash's first greatest hits collection "Intergalactic Sonic 7″s". The song is said to be about being "lynched" by a gang.
B-sides
The B-side, "The Little Pond" first appeared on the "Garage Girl" demo-tape. Tim Wheeler has expressed his dissatisfaction with this recording, and has even mentioned re-recording it as an acoustic b-side on a future album.
The second B-side, "A Message From Oscar Wilde and Patrick the Brewer" is a spoken-word track, lasting just 30 seconds, and consists of an excerpt of a tape Tim was sent, consisting of two of his Dutch friends, Oscar and Patrick, talking to each other. This track also appears on the "Cosmic Debris" B-sides collection and on Ash's debut album "Trailer".
Petrol (disambiguation)
Petrol is short for petroleum spirit, also known as gasoline. The term may also refer to:
See also
Japanese honorifics
The Japanese language uses a broad array of honorific suffixes for addressing or referring to people. These honorifics attach to the end of people's names, as in Aman-san where the honorific -san was attached to the name Aman. These honorifics are often gender-neutral, but some imply a more feminine context (such as -chan) while others imply a more masculine one (such as -kun).
These honorifics are often used along with other forms of Japanese honorific speech, keigo, such as that used in conjugating verbs.
Usage
Although honorifics are not part of the basic grammar of the Japanese language, they are a fundamental part of the sociolinguistics of Japanese, and proper use is essential to proficient and appropriate speech. Significantly, referring to oneself using an honorific, or dropping an honorific when it is required, is a serious faux pas, in either case coming across as clumsy or arrogant.
They can be applied to either the first or last name depending on which is given. In situations where both the first and last names are spoken, the suffix is attached to whichever comes last in the word order.
SAN
San or SAN may refer to:
Places
People
Arts
San (letter)
]........ΑΝΤΑΣ:ΧΑ.[
]....ΚΕΑΣ:ΑΝΓΑΡΙΟΣ[
]...ΑΥϜΙΟΣ:ΣΟΚΛΕΣ:[
].ΤΙΔΑΣ:ΑΜΥΝΤΑΣ[
]ΤΟΙ ΜΑΛΕϘΟ:ΚΑΙ.[
San (Ϻ) was an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet. Its shape was similar to modern M, or to a modern Greek Sigma (Σ) turned sideways, and it was used as an alternative to Sigma to denote the sound /s/. Unlike Sigma, whose position in the alphabet is between Rho and Tau, San appeared between Pi and Qoppa in alphabetic order. In addition to denoting this separate archaic character, the name "San" was also used as an alternative name to denote the standard letter Sigma.
Historical use
Sigma and San
The existence of the two competing letters Sigma and San is traditionally believed to have been due to confusion during the adoption of the Greek alphabet from the Phoenician script, because Phoenician had more sibilant (s-like) sounds than Greek had. According to one theory, the distribution of the sibilant letters in Greek is due to pair-wise confusion between the sounds and alphabet positions of the four Phoenician sibilant signs: Greek Sigma got its shape and alphabetic position from Phoenician Šin (
), but its name and sound value from Phoenician Samekh. Conversely, Greek Xi (Ξ) got its shape and position from Samekh (
), but its name and sound value from Šin. The same kind of pair-wise exchange happened between Phoenician Zayin and Tsade: Greek Zeta has the shape and position of Zayin (
) but the name and sound value of Tsade, and conversely Greek San has the approximate shape and position of Tsade (
) but may originally have had the sound value of Zayin, i.e. voiced [z]. However, since voiced [z] and voiceless [s] were not distinct phonemes in Greek, Sigma and San came to be used in essentially the same function.
Podcasts:
