Saline (medicine)

In medicine, saline (also saline solution) is a general phrase referring to a sterile solution of sodium chloride (NaCl, more commonly known as table salt) in water, but is only sterile when it is to be placed parenterally (such as intravenously); otherwise, a saline solution is a salt water solution. The sterile solution is typically used for intravenous infusion, rinsing contact lenses, nasal irrigation, and cleaning a new piercing. Saline solutions are available in various formulations for different purposes. Salines are also used in cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry experiments.

Concentrations

Concentrations vary from low to normal to high. High concentrations are used rarely in medicine but frequently in molecular biology.

Normal

Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it closely approximates isotonic, that is, physiologically normal, solution); although neither of those names is technically accurate (because normal saline is not exactly like blood serum), they convey the practical effect usually seen: good fluid balance with minimal hypotonicity or hypertonicity. NS is used frequently in intravenous drips (IVs) for patients who cannot take fluids orally and have developed or are in danger of developing dehydration or hypovolemia. NS is also used for aseptic purpose. NS is typically the first fluid used when hypovolemia is severe enough to threaten the adequacy of blood circulation, and has long been believed to be the safest fluid to give quickly in large volumes. However, it is now known that rapid infusion of NS can cause metabolic acidosis.

Saline (Italian river)

Coordinates: 42°32′N 14°09′E / 42.533°N 14.150°E / 42.533; 14.150

The Saline is a river in the province of Pescara in the Abruzzo region of Italy The river is formed by the confluence of the Fino and Tavo rivers. It flows northeast and enters the Adriatic Sea near Montesilvano and the mouth of the Piomba river.

References

Trocadero

The stylish connotations of the name "Trocadero" derive from the Battle of Trocadero in southern Spain, a citadel held by liberal Spaniard forces that was taken by the French troops sent by Louis XVIII of France, in 1823. The battle was commemorated in the Place du Trocadéro, Paris, and the monumental glamor of the Parisian site has given rise to a variety of locales bearing its name.

Trocadero may refer to:

Restaurants and clubs:

Entertainment:

Trocadero (band)

Trocadero is an experimental rock band based in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Seattle, Washington. They are best recognized for performing several songs used in the popular Rooster Teeth series Red vs. Blue, including "Blood Gulch Blues", its theme song. The band also performed some of the music used in RWBY, another Rooster Teeth production.

History

Trocadero was initially founded by Nico Audy-Rowland, Brandon Erdos, and Susan Hsia in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Nico Audy-Rowland initially sought out bandmates by posting a number of flyers around Boston in July of 1997. Wendy Mittelstadt was the first to respond, but could not join the band until she graduated from college. Later that year, Audy-Rowland was joined by Brandon Erdos, who had played with him in a quintet in college, and Susan Hsia.

The band played its first show on November 3, 1997, at T.T. the Bear's Place in Cambridge, and continued to play in other clubs in the area. Hsia eventually left the band to continue her education; meanwhile, Wendy Mittelstadt, who had completed her degree, moved to Boston and joined.

Trocadero (drink)

Trocadero is a caffeinated apple- and orange flavored soft drink from Sweden. It is particularly popular in the northern parts of Sweden. It has been produced by Saturnus AB since 1953. Several Swedish breweries make Trocadero, including Kopparbergs, Spendrups and Nyckelbryggerier among others.

Ingredients

The name

Trocadero was introduced by Nils-Håkan Håkansson of Saturnus AB, and, according to his grandson Edward Liepe, was named either after the Place du Trocadéro in Paris or after the Cafe de Trocadéro in Paris.

Other

The same year that Trocadero was introduced, the ban on colas was lifted in Sweden and both Coke and Cuba Cola (also brewed by Saturnus) were introduced to the market. Trocadero was for some time the only soft drink except cola beverages containing caffeine. Saturnus, however, over the years became more and more focused on selling essences for flavoring spirits and cocktail mixing, and in line with this focus also started to sell soft drink essences to other breweries instead of making the soft drinks itself. Saturnus now sells only flavorings and essences for manufacturing Trocadero to certain approved breweries, with the requirements that the brewery will focus on the brand, has good water, and will keep the proportion of essence to water within a given range. Trocadero mixed with brandy is called Grosshandlargrogg (wholesaler grog), and Trocadero candy is now marketed.