South-West African Police

The South-West African Police (SWAPOL) were the police force of South-West Africa, now Namibia. They existed from 1920 to 1939, and again from 1981 to 1990.

The force was originally established when South Africa assumed the administration of the territory under a League of Nations mandate. The League proved unable to act effectively in the 1930s, and it was disbanded in 1939. The South African Police were responsible for the territory from 1939 to 1981. The SWA Police were re-established in 1981, after the territory had become self-governing. The force was disbanded when the territory became independent as Namibia in 1990. It was succeeded by the Namibian Police.

Koevoet

From 1966 to 1989, South African forces battled black guerillas belonging to South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) in the territory of South-West Africa (Namibia), in a conflict known as the South African Border War. In 1978, Minister of Defence Magnus Malan directed the South African Police to establish an intelligence-gathering paramilitary unit similar to the Rhodesian Army's elite Selous Scouts, to fight against SWAPO forces. The SAP established Operation K—popularly known as Koevoet (Afrikaans for "crowbar")—which was quickly dispatched to the battlefront, concentrating on the Caprivi Strip and South West Africa's border with Angola. Koevoet became a component of SWAPOL after it was reestablished in 1981.