Development status | Active |
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Written in | C |
Operating system | Cross-platform |
Platform | Cross-platform |
Available in | English, multilingual (gettext) |
Type | Unix shell |
Website | www.in-ulm.de/~mascheck/various/ash/ |
The Almquist shell (also known as A Shell, ash and sh) was originally Kenneth Almquist's clone of the SVR4-variant of the Bourne shell; it is a fast, small, POSIX-compatible Unix shell designed to replace the Bourne shell in later BSD distributions. Originally it did not feature line editing[clarification needed] or command history mechanisms, because Almquist felt that such should be moved into the terminal driver; however, current variants support it.
Derivatives of ash are installed as the default shell (/bin/sh) on FreeBSD, NetBSD, DragonFly BSD and Minix. ash is also fairly popular in embedded Linux systems; its code was incorporated into the BusyBox catch-all executable often employed in this area. Debian's version of ash is known as Debian Almquist Shell (dash).
Some Linux distributions also use a derivative of ash as the default shell, although Bash (Bourne Again Shell) is more popular. Debian and Ubuntu symlink /bin/sh to the dash shell for faster script execution, but keeps Bash as the default login shell.
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ash was first released via a posting to the comp.sources.unix
Usenet news group, approved and moderated by Rich Salz on May 30, 1989. It was described as "a reimplementation of the System V shell [with] most features of that shell, plus some additions."[1]
The following is extracted from the ash package information from Slackware[when?]:
ash (Kenneth Almquist's ash shell)
A lightweight (92K) Bourne compatible shell. Great for machines with low memory, but does not provide all the extras of shells like bash, tcsh, and zsh. Runs most shell scripts compatible with the Bourne shell. Note that under Linux, most scripts seem to use at least some bash-specific syntax. The Slackware setup scripts are a notable exception, since ash is the shell used on the install disks. NetBSD and Ubuntu uses ash as its /bin/sh.
Ash has since been replaced on both Debian and Ubuntu. Dash became the replacement for ash in Debian and was expected to be the default /bin/sh for Debian Lenny.[2][3] Dash became the default /bin/sh in Ubuntu starting with the 6.10 release in October 2006.[4]
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Ash was the ancient Egyptian god of oases, as well as the vineyards of the western Nile Delta and thus was viewed as a benign deity. Flinders Petrie in his 1923 expedition to the Saqqara (also spelt Sakkara) found several references to Ash in Old Kingdom wine jar seals: "I am refreshed by this Ash" was a common inscription.
In particular, he was identified by the Ancient Egyptians as the god of the Libu and Tinhu tribes, known as the "people of the oasis". Consequently Ash was known as the "lord of Libya", the western border areas occupied by the Libu and Tinhu tribes, corresponds roughly with the area of modern Libya. It is also possible that he was worshiped in Ombos, as their original chief deity.
In Egyptian mythology, as god of the oases, Ash was associated with Set, who was originally god of the desert, and was seen as protector of the Sahara. The first known reference to Ash dates to the Protodynastic Period, but by the late 2nd Dynasty, his importance had grown, and he was seen as protector of the royal estates, since the related god Set, in Lower Egypt, was regarded as the patron deity of royalty itself. Ash's importance was such that he was mentioned even until the 26th Dynasty.
Ash is a fictional character in the movie Alien, who was portrayed by actor Ian Holm, who, although known in the U.K. as a stage actor, was at the time unknown to American audiences. Ash serves as the secondary antagonist of the first film. The character is the science officer of the Nostromo, who breaks quarantine by allowing Kane, a member of the crew, back on board after he has been infected by an alien life form. It is later discovered that Ash is not human at all, as he appears, but is in fact a Hyperdyne Systems 120-A/2android, who is acting upon secret orders to bring back the alien lifeform and to consider the crew "expendable".
At the beginning of the film, Ash is depicted as quiet and logical, greatly adherent to company regulations. However, he breaks quarantine protocol (disobeying Ripley, the ship's ranking officer, in the process) and allows the infected Kane aboard the ship, seemingly out of compassion, and is later seen marveling at the creature attached to him. At one point, Ash assaults Ripley, attempting to kill her by forcing a rolled-up pornographic magazine down her throat. But it is Ash himself who is killed, as two other crew members arrive and rescue Ripley. He is struck over the head twice with a canister, the first time causing him to malfunction and the second decapitating him. When even that fails to kill him, he's electrocuted with a cattle prod.
In the fictional Bleach manga/ anime universe, a hollow (虚(ホロウ horō) is a monstrous ghost that ought to be slain and purified or else it will feed on other souls. Many of the series' antagonists are hollows; also, the fictional universe also has hollows with Soul Reaper(a death-related entity)-like characteristics called arrancars (破面(アランカル) arankaru, Spanish for "to tear off," kanji translates as "broken mask"). One of the series' main storylines has Sōsuke Aizen (the primary antagonist for the majority of the series) and his arrancars (particularly the ten Espadas, the strongest ones) as the force opposing the protagonists.
The creator of the series, Tite Kubo, used many Spanish motifs for the series' hollow-related elements. The fictional creatures have been praised by reviewers for the early hollows' strong emotional ties to their victims and the "interesting" concept of the arrancar; the visual appearance of the characters have also been commented on.
A valley is a low area between hills, often with a river running through it.
In geology, a valley or dale is a depression that is longer than it is wide. The terms U-shaped and V-shaped are descriptive terms of geography to characterize the form of valleys. Most valleys belong to one of these two main types or a mixture of them, (at least) with respect to the cross section of the slopes or hillsides.
A valley in its broadest geographic sense is also known as a dale. A valley through which a river runs may also be referred to as a vale. A small, secluded, and often wooded valley is known as a dell or in Scotland as a glen. A wide, flat valley through which a river runs is known in Scotland as a strath. A mountain cove is a small valley, closed at one or both ends, in the central or southern Appalachian Mountains which sometimes results from the erosion of a geologic window. A small valley surrounded by mountains or ridges is sometimes known as a hollow. A deep, narrow valley is known as a cwm (also spelled combe or coombe). Similar geological structures, such as canyons, ravines, gorges, gullies, and kloofs, are not usually referred to as valleys. See also: "chine". A valley formed by erosion is called an erosional valley; a valley formed by geologic events such as drop faults or the rise of highlands is called a structural valley.
Hollow (Vietnamese: Đoạt Hồn) is a 2014 Vietnamese horror film directed by Ham Tran.
Hollow was released on July 18, 2014 in Vietnam. It earned 160,000 admissions in its first four days in Vietnam from 1,140 screenings nationwide. It was first place in the Vietnamese box office over its first weekend over the American films A Million Ways to Die in the West, Planes: Fire & Rescue and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.
Film Business Asia gave the film a seven out of ten rating, referring to the film as a "thoroughly generic but effective tale of demonic possession from Vietnam".