Settle-Carlisle Line

The Settle–Carlisle Line (S&C) is a 73-mile (117 km) long main railway line in northern England. It is also known as the Settle and Carlisle. It is a part of the National Rail network and was constructed in the 1870s. Apart from temporary diversions (such as the closure of the West Coast Main Line) all passenger trains are operated by Northern Rail.

The line runs through remote, scenic regions of the Yorkshire Dales and the North Pennines, from near the town of Settle, beginning at a junction with the line from Leeds to Morecambe, extending to the city of Carlisle close to the England/Scotland border. On the way the line passes through the town of Appleby-in-Westmorland and a number of small communities.

History

The S&C had its origins in railway politics; the expansion-minded Midland Railway company was locked in dispute with the rival London and North Western Railway over access rights to the latter’s tracks to Scotland.

The Midland's access to Scotland was via the "Little North Western" route to Ingleton. The Ingleton Branch Line from Ingleton to Low Gill, where it joined the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, was under the control of the rival LNWR. Initially the routes, although physically connected at Ingleton, were not logically connected, as the LNWR and Midland could not agree on sharing the use of Ingleton station. Instead the LNWR terminated its trains at a station at the end of Ingleton viaduct, and Midland Railway passengers had to change into LNWR trains by means of a walk of about a mile over steep gradients between the two stations.

Global Combat Ship

The Type 26 Global Combat Ship, or simply Type 26, is a ship design and construction programme of the Ministry of Defence of the United Kingdom, to replace the thirteen Type 23 frigates of the Royal Navy and for export.

The programme started in 1998, named "Future Surface Combatant" (FSC). In March 2010 BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships was awarded a four-year contract to develop the Type 26 Global Combat Ship. The design passed Main Gate 1, with Demonstration Phase starting 1 April 2015, manufacturing planned to begin in 2016 and the first Type 26 to be delivered in 2022.

Development

Future Surface Combatant

The Global Combat Ship started development under the original Future Surface Combatant (FSC) programme intended to replace the Royal Navy's Type 22 and Type 23 frigates. Planning for a replacement escort vessel started in 1998 with the ordering of a research vessel, the RV Triton, to study whether a trimaran design was practical for such a large and complex vessel. However, by the early 2000s it was apparently obvious the Royal Navy favoured more conventional designs. In March 2005, plans were released for a two-class solution, a cheaper "Medium Sized Vessel Derivative" entering service in 2016-19 and a more capable "Versatile Surface Combatant" entering service around 2023.

USS SC-44

USS SC-44, until July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 44 or USS S.C. 44, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

SC-44 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned on 3 April 1918 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 44, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 44.

When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, Submarine Chaser No. 44 was classified as SC-44 and her name was shortened to USS SC-44.

On 24 June 1921, the Navy sold SC-44 to Joseph G. Hitner of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Address plus Port

The Address plus Port (A+P) approach to the IPv4 address shortage is a technique for sharing single IPv4 addresses among several users without using stateful network address translation (NAT) in the carrier network. The technique is described in experimental RFC 6346.

Normal routing only uses the IPv4 address to identify which host an IP packet is destined for. A+P uses the destination TCP or UDP port in addition to the IP address to extend the range of available host addresses. Each host is assigned a unique range of ports which they set as the source port in outbound packets and which they use to receive inbound traffic.

A+P is a stateless alternative to conventional stateful NAT, as the A+P gateway does not need to keep track of every TCP or UDP flow. However, it does require A+P aware software at the end-point, capable of limiting the range of port numbers used for originating connections to its allocated range, either in the end host, or, in the more common likely scenario, in the customer premises equipment own local NAT44 implementation.

American Freedom Party

The American Freedom Party (formerly the American Third Position Party or A3P) is a third position American political party that promotes white supremacy. In November 2009 it filed papers to get on a ballot in California, and was launched in January 2010. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, it was created to channel the right-wing populist resentment engendered by the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and the policies of the Obama administration.

Leadership

The party chairman is Los Angeles attorney William Daniel Johnson. Long Beach State University professor of psychology Kevin B. MacDonald has been named one of the eight party Directors, and is also a principal contributor to The Occidental Quarterly where he has contributed articles claiming that a suite of traits that he attributes to Jews, including higher-than-average verbal intelligence and ethnocentricism, have eugenically and culturally evolved to enhance the ability of Jews to out-compete non-Jews for resources. MacDonald believes this advantage has been used by a number of Jews to advance Jewish group interests and end potential antisemitism by either deliberately or inadvertently undermining the power and self-confidence of the European-derived majorities in the Western world.

AP1

AP1 or AP-1 can refer to:

S.C.A.P.

S.C.A.P. (Société de Construction Automobile Parisienne) was a French manufacturer of cars and proprietary engines, existing between 1912 and 1929.

S.C.A.P mainly manufactured small four-cylinder engines, with capacities from 894 cc and up to 3.0 litres. The factory also produced automobiles, particularly two-seater racing cars. The racing models were powered by a 1,100 cc engine with overhead valves equipped with a Cozette compressor, if the customer requested.

The larger models had either a 1,616 cc or a 1,704 cc, four-cylinder engine. In 1929, S.C.A.P unveiled a 2.0 litre, eight-cylinder engine with overhead valves, But this model was the last car made by S.C.A.P. Later on in the year, the company suffered from the great depression and in late 1929 was forced to close its factory for good.

Customers

S.C.A.P. engines were offered in Rally cyclecars from 1922 until circa 1927.

S.C.A.P. engines were offered in Bucciali cyclecars from 1925.

See also

References