Ryazan kremlin

Ryazan Kremlin, the oldest part of the city of Ryazan, is a Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve in the open air, and is one of the oldest museums in Russia. Located onthe top of a steep hill, it is surrounded by rivers and a dry moat. This monument of architecture and nature reserve of federal importance is included in the State Register of Especially Valuable Objects of the People of the Russian Federation. The management of this museum is the responsibility of the Federal State Institution of Culture "Ryazan Kremlin"

History

Ancient period

Human settlement on the territory of the Kremlin had occurred during the Mesolithic Era.. Archaeological excavations indicate large settlements in the territory of modern Fefёlovo Bora Kanishchevo, neighborhoods in Borki and Fisherman's streets.

Slavic tribes had colonized these places already by the 6th-7th centuries. Closest to the fortress of the future settlement of Borkovskoye, people on the island of Oka led an active trade with the Byzantine Empire, East and West. The second major settlement was a fortified fort named Borisov-Glebov. Later, it became Pereyaslavlskoy residence of bishops, and then known as the area of Borisoglebskaya.

Ryazan

Ryazan (Russian: Рязань; IPA: [rʲɪˈzanʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River 196 kilometers (122 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: 524,927 (2010 Census); 521,560 (2002 Census); 514,638 (1989 Census).

History

It is argued that the Ryazan kremlin was founded in 800, by Slavic settlers, as a part of their drive into territory previously populated by Finnic peoples. Initially it was built of wood, gradually replaced by masonry. The oldest preserved part of the kremlin dates back to the 12th century.

However, the first written mention of the city, under the name of Pereslavl, dates to 1095. At that time, the city was part of the independent Principality of Ryazan, which had existed since 1078 and which was centered on the old city of Ryazan. The first ruler of Ryazan was supposedly Yaroslav Sviatoslavich, Prince of Ryazan and Murom (cities of Kievan Rus').

The lands of Ryazan, situated on the border of forest and steppe, suffered numerous invasions from the south as well as from the north, carried out by a variety of military forces including Cumans, but particularly the Principality was in a conflict with Vladimir-Suzdal. By the end of the 12th century, the capital of Duchy was burnt several times by the armies of Suzdal. Ryazan was the first Russian city to be sacked by the Mongol horde of Batu Khan. On December 21, 1237, it was thoroughly devastated and never fully recovered. As result of the sack, the seat of the principality was moved about 55 kilometers (34 mi) to the town of Pereslavl-Ryazansky, which subsequently took the name of the destroyed capital. The site of the old capital now carries the name of Staraya Ryazan (Old Ryazan), close to Spassk-Ryazansky.

Ryazan (disambiguation)

Ryazan is a city in Russia.

Ryazan may also refer to:

Ryazan (inhabited locality)

Ryazan (Russian: Рязань) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.